Fredman's reciprocity, invariants of Abelian groups, and the permanent of the Cayley table. (Q617325)

Let \(\mathcal R\) be the regular representation of a finite Abelian group \(G\) and let \(\mathcal C_n\) denote the cyclic group of order \(n\). For \(G=\mathcal C_n\), the Poincaré series of all \(\mathcal C_n\)-isotypic components in \(\mathcal S^\cdot\mathcal R\otimes\wedge^\cdot\mathcal R\) (the symmetric tensor exterior algebra of \(\mathcal R\)) is computed. From this a general reciprocity and some number-theoretic identities do follow. This generalizes results of \textit{M. Fredman} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 18, 199-202 (1975; Zbl 0309.05009)] and \textit{A. Elashvili} and \textit{M. Jibladze} [Indag. Math., New Ser. 9, No. 2, 233-238 (1998; Zbl 0927.13006), Proc. A. Razmadze Math. Inst. 119, 21-24 (1999; Zbl 0982.20006), J. Algebr. Comb. 10, No. 2, 173-188 (1999; Zbl 0940.13003)]. Then we consider the Cayley table, \(\mathcal M_G\), of \(G\) and some generalizations of it. In particular, it is shown that the number of formally different terms in the permanent of \((\mathcal S^n\mathcal R)^G\) equals \((\mathcal S^n\mathcal R)^G\), where \(n\) is the order of \(G\). In order to give impression of contents, we mention the titles of the sections, to wit: (1) Introduction; (2.1) Ramanujan's sums; (2.2) Molien's formula for the symmetric algebra; (3) Symmetric tensor exterior algebra and Poincaré series; (4) On the exterior algebra of the regular representation; (5) On the permanent of the Cayley table of an Abelian group; (6) Some open problems.