Characterizations of the BMO and Lipschitz spaces via commutators on weak Lebesgue and Morrey spaces (Q6173972)

The authors consider for \(1\le q\le p<\infty\) the Morrey spaces \(M^p_q\) and weak Morrey spaces \(WM^p_q\) defined by the conditions \[ \sup_{x\in \mathbb R^n, r>0} |Q(x,r)|^{1/p-1/q}(\int_{Q(x,r)}|f(y)|^q dy)^{1/q}<\infty \] and \[ \sup_{x\in \mathbb R^n, r>0} |Q(x,r)|^{1/p-1/q}(\sup_{\lambda>0} \lambda^q|\{y\in Q(x,r): |f(y)|>\lambda\}|)^{1/q}<\infty \] respectively. After the celebrated result by \textit{R. R. Coifman} et al. [Ann. Math. (2) 103, 611--635 (1976; Zbl 0326.32011)] showing that the commutator \([b,T]\) between a multiplication by a function \(b\) and a Calderón-Zygmund operator \(T\) is bounded in \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\) for \(1<p<\infty\) if and only if \(b\in \mathrm{BMO}\) there have been a number a generalizations. In particular \textit{Y. Ding} [Northeast. Math. J. 13, No. 4, 422--432 (1997; Zbl 0903.42005)] showed that the same happens replacing the Lebesgue spaces for Morrey spaces. On the other hand, \textit{S. Janson} [Ark. Mat. 16, 263--270 (1978; Zbl 0404.42013)] showed that \([b,T]\) is bounded from \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\) to \(L^q(\mathbb R^n)\) for \(1<p<q<\infty\) if and only if \(b\in Lip_\alpha\) for \(1/q=1/p-\alpha/n\), later extended by \textit{M. Paluszyński} [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 44, No. 1, 1--17 (1995; Zbl 0838.42006)] who managed to replace \(L^q\) by the homogeneous Triebel-Lizorkin space \(F^{\alpha,\infty}_p\) and shed a new light to characterize Lipschitz spaces via commutators. In this direction \textit{S. Shi} and \textit{S. Lu} [Pac. J. Math. 264, No. 1, 221--234 (2013; Zbl 1273.42015)] characterized Lipschitz classes using the boundedness of the commutator from \(M^p_q\) to \(M^s_t\) where \(1<q\le p<\infty\), \(1<t\le s<\infty\), \(1/s=1/p-\alpha/n\) and \(1/t=1/q-\alpha/n\). The aim of the paper is to extend both types of results on the boundedness of the commutator using Morrey spaces, replacing the range space by the weak Morrey class in each case. As a previous step it is shown that \(WM^p_q\) is actually contained in \(M^p_{q_1}\) for \(1\le q_1<q\le p<\infty\), which combined with some ideas from Paluszynski allows to replace the target space by the weak version instead of the strong one. In particular they show that \(b\in \mathrm{BMO}\) iff \([b,T]\) is bounded from \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\) to \(L^{p,\infty}(\mathbb R^n)\) or equivalently from \(M^p_q\) to \(WM^p_q\). For Lipschitz functions they obtain that for \(0<\alpha<1, 1\le p<n/\alpha\) and \(1/q= 1/p-\alpha/n\), that \(b\in \mathrm{Lip}_\alpha\) iff \([b,T]\) is bounded from \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\) to \(L^{q,\infty}(\mathbb R^n)\) or equivalently from \(M^p_q\) to \(WM^s_t\) for \(1/s=1/p-\alpha/n\) and \(1/t=1/q-\alpha/n\).