Hurwitz-Ran spaces (Q6174786)

In a previous paper [``Partially multiplicative quandles and simplicial Hurwitz spaces'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2106.09425}], the author introduced the notion of \textit{partially multiplicative quandle} (PMQ) and for a PMQ \(\mathcal{Q}\) he defined a \textit{simplicial Hurwitz space} \(\mathrm{Hur}^{\Delta}(\mathcal{Q})\), which is the difference of the geometric realizations of two bisimplicial sets, being equipped with a cell stratification. The construction requires \(\mathcal{Q}\) to be \textit{augmented} \ as a PMQ. A point in \(\mathrm{Hur}^{\Delta}(\mathcal{Q})\) can be regarded as the datum of a finite subset \(P\) of the open unit space \((0,1)^{2}\subset\mathbb{C}\), together with a \textit{monodromy} \(\psi\), defined on certain loops of \(\mathbb{C}\backslash P\) and taking values in \(\mathcal{Q}\). This paper introduces, for a \textit{semi-algebraic} subspace \(\mathcal{X}\subset\mathbb{H}\) of the closed upper half-plane \(\mathbb{H}=\left\{ \mathfrak{R}\geq0\right\} \subset\mathbb{C}\), and for a PMQ \(\mathcal{Q}\), a \textit{Hurwitz-Ran space} \(\mathrm{Hur}(\mathcal{X};\mathcal{Q})\). More generally, the author introduces, for a \textit{nice couple} \((\mathcal{X},\mathcal{Y})\) of subspaces \(\mathcal{Y}\subseteq\mathcal{X}\) of \(\mathbb{H}\) and for a PMQ-group pair \((\mathcal{Q},G)\), a Hurwitz-Ran space \(\mathrm{Hur}(\mathcal{X},\mathcal{Y};\mathcal{Q},G)\), which can be thought of as a relative version of \(\mathrm{Hur}(\mathcal{X};\mathcal{Q})\). The synopsis of the paper goes as follows. \begin{itemize} \item[\S 2] introduces the notion of nice couple \(\mathfrak{C}=(\mathcal{X},\mathcal{Y})\) of subspaces \(\mathcal{Y}\subset \mathcal{X}\) of the closed upper half plane \(\mathbb{H}\). For each finite subset \(P\subset\mathcal{X}\), the author introduces the \textit{fundamental PMQ} \(\mathfrak{D}_{\mathfrak{C}}(P)\), arising as a subset of \(\pi_{1}(\mathbb{C}\backslash P)\), which allows of defining configurations in \(\mathrm{Hur}(\mathfrak{C};\mathcal{Q},G)\) supported on the set \(P\). The author also introduces the notion of \textit{covering} \underline{\(U\)} of a finite subset \(P\subset\mathcal{X}\), associating several PMQs also with the datum of a finite set and a covering of it. \item[\S 3] defines the Hurwitz-Ran space \(\mathrm{Hur}(\mathfrak{C};\mathcal{Q},G)\) for each nicee couple \(\mathfrak{C}\) and each PMQ-group pair \((\mathcal{Q},G)\), first as a set and then as a Hausdorff topological space. \item[\S 4] introduces \textit{morphisms} and \textit{lax morphisms} of nice couples, establishing Theorem. The Hurwitz-Ran space \(\mathrm{Hur}(\mathcal{X},\mathcal{Y};\mathcal{Q},G)\) are functorial both in the nice couple \((\mathcal{X},\mathcal{Y})\), with respect to morphisms of nice couples, and in the PMQ-group pair. If we restrict to complete PMQs, then functoriality holds also with respect to lax morphisms of nice couples. \item[\S 5] gives some applications of functoriality of Hurwitz-Ran spaces, particularly studying some local properties of their topology. \item[\S 6] introduces the \textit{total monodromy}, which is a discrete, continuous invariant of configurations in Hurwitz-Ran spaces. The total monodromy is a map \[ \omega:\mathrm{Hur}(\mathfrak{C};\mathcal{Q},G)\rightarrow G \] in the relative case, and \[ \widehat{\omega}:\mathrm{Hur}(\mathcal{X};\mathcal{Q})\rightarrow\widehat{\mathcal{Q}} \] in the absolute case, where \(\widehat{\mathcal{Q}}\) is the completion of \(\mathcal{Q}\). Three actions of \(G\) on Hurwitz-Ran spaces\ are defined. \item[\S 7] introduces, in the hypothesis that \(\mathcal{Q}\) is augmented, a subspace \(\mathrm{Hur}(\mathfrak{C};\mathcal{Q}_{+},G)\) of \(\mathrm{Hur}(\mathfrak{C};\mathcal{Q},G)\). Using the notion of explosion, it is established that the inclusion \[ \mathrm{Hur}(\mathfrak{C};\mathcal{Q}_{+},G)\subseteq \mathrm{Hur}(\mathfrak{C};\mathcal{Q},G) \] is in several cases a homotopy equivalence. \item[\S 8] constructs, for an augmented PMQ \(\mathcal{Q}\), a continuous bijection \[ v:\left\vert \mathrm{Arr}(\mathcal{Q})\right\vert \rightarrow\mathrm{Hur}(\left[ 0,1\right] ^{2};\widehat{\mathcal{Q}}_{+}) \] where \(\mathrm{Arr}(\mathcal{Q})\) is the bisimplicial set from [arXiv:2106.09425], Definition 6.6]. It is established that Theorem. If \(\mathcal{Q}\) is augmented and locally finite, then the simplicial Hurwitz space \(\mathrm{Hur}^{\Delta}(\mathcal{Q})\) is homeomorphic to \(\mathrm{Hur}((0,1)^{2};\mathcal{Q}_{+})\). \item[\S 9] proves that \[ v:\mathrm{Hur}^{\Delta}(\mathcal{Q})\rightarrow\mathrm{Hur} ((0,1)^{2};\mathcal{Q}_{+}) \] is a homeomorphism under the additional hypothesis that \ is \textit{locally finite} PMQ. The author then turns to \textit{Poincaré}, establishing Theorem. In order to prove that \(\mathcal{Q}\) is Poincaré (respectively, R-Poincaré), it suffices to check that for all \(a\in\mathcal{Q}\) the corresponding components \(\mathrm{Hur}^{\Delta}(\mathcal{Q})(a)\) of \(\mathrm{Hur}^{\Delta}(\mathcal{Q})\) is a topological manifold (respectively, an R-homology manifold). \item[Appendix A] deals with the proofs of the most technical lemmas and propositions of the article. \end{itemize}