Arithmetic of Châtelet surface bundles revisited (Q6175415)

Let \(K\) be a number field. We say that a family of varieties \(\mathcal{F}\) satisfies the Hasse principle if for every \(X \in \mathcal{F}\) we have that the existence of points over every completion of \(K\) implies the existence of points over \(K\). In general this property is not verified, but its failure can be understood through the Brauer-Manin obstruction. Namely, for a \(K\)-variety \(X\) we can define a closed subset \(X(\mathbb{A}_K)^{\mathrm{Br} X}\) of the set of adelic points \(X(\mathbb{A}_K)\) containing the diagonal image of \(X(K)\). We say that the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for the family of varieties \(\mathcal{F}\) if for every \(X \in \mathcal{F}\) the implication ``\(X(\mathbb{A}_K)^{\mathrm{Br} X} \neq \emptyset\) implies \(X(K)\)'' is satisfied. In this article, the authors study the invariance under finite fields extensions of the property ``the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle''. More concretely, for every non-trivial finite extension \(L/K\) they construct an example of a variety \(X\) violating the Hasse principle over \(K\) and \(L\) such that the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for \(X\), but is not for \(X_L\), i.e we have \(X(\mathbb{A}_K)^{\mathrm{Br} X} \neq \emptyset\) and \(X(L) =\emptyset\). This construction is conditional to the existence of an elliptic curve over \(K\) of Mordell-Weil rank zero such that the maximal divisible subgroup of its Tate-Shafarevich group is trivial. This being always the case when \(K =\mathbb{Q}\) and it is conjecturally always the case. A stronger obstruction to the Hasse principle is often consider, the étale Brauer-Manin obstruction.The example constructed in this article also gives an example of non-invariance for the property ``the étale Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle''. In order to construct the desired example, the authors build upon Poonen's construction of a variety \(X\) such that the (étale) Brauer-Manin obstruction was not enough to explain the failure of the Hasse principle and use interpolation of Châtelet surfaces.