Necessary and sufficient conditions for an extremum in complex problems of optimization of systems described by polynomial and analytic functions (Q6178119)

The aim of the present paper is to develop tailored necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for optimization and control problems in case standard ones are not applicable. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a local extremum are formulated for polynomials and power series. The main ideas of the proposed methods involve using the Newton polytope for a polynomial (power series) and the expansion of a polynomial (power series) into a sum of quasi-homogeneous polynomial forms. More specifically, the Newton's polyhedron of the polynomial \(p(x)\neq0\) is \(\operatorname{Co}N_p\), where \[ N_p=\{k\in\mathbb{Z}_\geq^n\,:\,\operatorname{coef}(p,k)\neq0\}, \] being \(\mathbb{Z}_\geq=\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}\) and \(\operatorname{coef}(p,k)\) is the coefficient in the monomial \(ax^k\) of the polynomial \(p(x)\), \(k\in\mathbb{Z}_\geq^n\). Further, the quasi-homogeneous forms of the polynomial \(p(x)\) are the sums of its members that correspond to some eigenface of the Newton polyhedron \(\operatorname{Co}N_p\). We recall that the eigenface of a convex set is a nontrivial face of the set. One of the main result of the paper states that for any eigenface \(C\) of a convex polyhedron \(Y\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n\), there exists a vector \(A\in\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\}\) such that \(C=\arg\min_{x\in Y}\langle A,x\rangle\); conversely, for any vector \(A\in\mathbb{R}^n\) the set of \(\arg\min_{x\in Y}\langle A,x\rangle\) is a face of \(Y\), and in the case \(Y\neq\arg\min_{x\in Y}\langle A,x\rangle\) it is its eigenface. Using this result, the author gives a different definition of the main quasi-homogeneous form of a polynomial, which is fundamental for all the results and applications in the paper. More precisely, a polynomial \(\varphi(x)\) is the \(A\)-quasi-homogeneous form if \(A\in\mathbb{Z}^n\setminus\{0\}\), \(\varphi(x)\neq0\) and there exists \(B\in\mathbb{Z}\) such that for any \(k\in N_\varphi\) one has \(\langle A,k\rangle=B\); so, one considers \(\varphi(x)\) as a quasi-homogeneous form if there exists \(A\in\mathbb{Z}^n\setminus\{0\}\) such that \(\varphi(x)\) is of an \(A\)-quasi-homogeneous form.