Harmonic morphisms and bicomplex manifolds (Q617936)

Using the notion of complex-harmonic morphisms between complex-Riemannian manifolds and functions of a bicomplex variables, the authors prove the existing constructions of harmonic morphisms from a \(3\)-dimensional Euclidean space or pseudo-Euclidean space to a Riemannian or Lorentzian surface. The algebra of bicomplex numbers looks like the quaternions except only for one multiplicative rule, \({\mathbb B} = \{x_1+x_2 i_1 + x_3 i_2 + x_4 j\, x_i \in {\mathbb R}\,\}\) with \(i_1^2 = i_2^2=-1\), \(i_1i_2 = i_2i_1 = j\) and so \(j^2 =1\). A holomorphic function \(f : U\subset {\mathbb C}^m \to {\mathbb C}\) is complex-harmonic if it satisfies the complex-Laplace equation \(\Delta_{{\mathbb C}} f = \sum_{k=1}^m \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial z_k^2} = 0\) and \((M, g)\) is called a complex-Riemannian manifold if \(M\) is a complex manifold and \(g\) is a holomorphic section on the tensor product of holomorphic tangent space which is symmetric and non-degenerate. A map \(\Phi : (M, g) \to (N, h)\) between complex-Riemannian manifolds is called a complex-harmonic morphism if, for every complex-harmonic function \(f : V \to {\mathbb C}\) defined on an open subset \(V\) of \(N\) such that \(\Phi^{-1}(N)\) is non-empty, the composition \(f \circ \Phi : \Phi^{-1}(V) \to {\mathbb C}\) is complex-harmonic. One of basic results in this paper is the following which is the same property as in the real case. Let \((M, g)\) be a complex-Riemannian manifold. A holomorphic map \(\Phi : M \to {\mathbb C}^n\) is a complex-harmonic morphism if and only if it is complex-harmonic and complex horizontally weakly conformal, i.e., writing \(\Phi = (\Phi_1, \cdots, \Phi_m)\), \(\Delta_{{\mathbb C}} \Phi_\alpha = 0 \,(1 \leq \alpha \leq m)\) and \(\langle {\text{grad}}_{{\mathbb C}} \Phi_\alpha, {\text{grad}}_{{\mathbb C}} \Phi_\beta\rangle_{{\mathbb C}} = \delta_{\alpha\beta}\Lambda \,(1 \leq \alpha, \beta \leq m)\) for some holomorphic function \(\Lambda : M^m \to {\mathbb C}\).