Linearization of vector fields and embedding of diffeomorphisms in flows via Nash-Moser theorem (Q617937)

A matrix \(M\) is called infinitesimal hyperbolic if every eigenvalue of \(M\) has a nonzero real part. Let \(X\) be a smooth vector field on \({\mathbb R}^n\) such that \(X(0)=0\) with infinitesimal hyperbolic linearization \(X_0\) at the origin. By a change of linear coordinates and assume that \(X_0=X_0^+ + X_0^{-}\), with spectrum on the left of the imaginary axis included in \([-a_L, -a_R]\) and on the right is included in \([b_L, b_R]\), and for \({\mathbb R}^n={\mathbb R}^k \times {\mathbb R}^l\), \({\mathbb R}^k\) is \(X_0^+\)-invariant, \({\mathbb R}^l\) is \(X_0^-\)-invariant, and \(a_L, b_L, a_R, b_R >0\). Such \(X_0\) is called admissible if \(2a_R-a_L>0\) and \(2b_L-b_R >0\). Let \(G\) denote the group of diffeomorphisms \(h\) of the form \[ h: {\mathbb R}^k \times {\mathbb R}^l \to {\mathbb R}^k \times {\mathbb R}^l: (x, y) \mapsto h(x, y)=(f(x), g(y)), \] such that \(h\) is close to identity, of small support, and the first order derivative of \(h\) vanish at \(0\). Let \(X_0\) be a hyperbolic linear admissible vector field, and let \(Y=X_0+Z\) be a perturbed vector field at \(X_0\) with perturbation \(Z\) of the form \[ {\mathbb R}^k \times {\mathbb R}^l \ni (x, y) \mapsto Z(x, y)=(f(x), g(y)), \] satisfying certain conditions and of small support. Let \(F\) be the space of all such perturbed vector fields. Using the Nash-Moser-Hamilton inverse function theorem and spectral properties of the adjoint flows associated to hyperbolic linear vector fields, the author shows that \(G\) acts transitively on \(F\). This extends earlier work of \textit{A. Zajtz} [Proc. Inst. Math. Natl. Acad. Sci. Ukr., Math. Appl. 30(2), 465--472 (2000; Zbl 0961.37005)]. The author further applies the Nash-Moser-Hamilton theorem to conclude that for every diffeomorphism \(h\) in \(G\), there exists a vector field \(Z\) with \(X_0+Z \in F\) such that \(h=\exp(-X_0) \circ \exp(X_0+Z)\).