Poles of tritronquée solution to the Painlevé I equation and cubic anharmonic oscillator (Q618217)

The author studies the tritronquée solution to the first Painlevé equation, \(u''=6u^2-z\), uniquely characterized by the asymptotic condition \(u(z)=-\sqrt{z/6}(1+O(z^{3/4}))\) as \(z\to\infty\) and \(|\arg z|<4\pi/5\). In the remaining part of the complex plane, the \(z\)-large asymptotics to this solution is described by a modulated elliptic \(\wp\)-function of Weierstraß. The latter asymptotics is valid outside some neighborhoods of the poles of the elliptic ansatz. At the pole, the transcendent Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with the first Painlevé equation is not solvable, and the corresponding vector \(\Psi(\lambda)\) does not exist but reduces to a scalar function \(\psi(\lambda)\) which solves a Schrödinger equation with the cubic potential \(V(\lambda;a,b)=4\lambda^3-2z_p\lambda+4a\), where \(z_p\) is the pole position and \(a/7\) is the coefficient for the quartic term in the corresponding Laurent series for the Painlevé function. The author applies a WKB analysis to the above Schrödinger equation reproducing the so-called Bohr-Sommerfeld-Boutroux quantization conditions for asymptotic values of \(z_p\) and \(a\). Also, the author explores some configurations of the Stokes lines for the Schrödinger equation and proves that the system of quantization conditions fails beyond the above indicated sector. Editorial remark added after publication of the review: Parts of this paper are identical with the corresponding parts of the papers [\textit{D. Masoero}, J. Phys. A, Math. Theor. 43, No. 9, Article ID 095201 (2010; Zbl 1194.34170); \textit{B. Dubrovin} et al., J. Nonlinear Sci. 19, No. 1, 57--94 (2009; Zbl 1220.37048)]; see also the erratum.