Inversion maps and torus actions on rational homogeneous varieties (Q6183211)

Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective variety endowed with a nontrivial action of a one dimensional torus \({\mathbb C}^*\). There exists a fixed-point irreducible component \(Y_-\) (resp. \(Y_+\)), called the sink (resp. the source), containing the limits when \(t\) tends to infinity (resp. to zero) of \(t \cdot x\) for \(x \in X\) general. Two geometric quotients \({\mathcal G}_{+}\) and \({\mathcal G}_{-}\), and a birational map \(\psi: {\mathcal G}_{-}- - \rightarrow {\mathcal G}_{+}\) naturally appear. This is called the birational map induced by the \({\mathbb C}^*\)-action. The paper under review focuses on the study of equalized (no finite stabilizers) \({\mathbb C}^*\)-actions on rational homogenous varieties \(G/P\) (\(G\) semisimple algebraic group and \(P\) a parabolic subgroup) of Picard number one, showing that their induced birational maps look like inversions. To be precise, the first result is Theorem 1.2, where the case of isolated sink and source is considered: the birational map induced by the action is a Cremona transformation \(\psi: {\mathbb P}(T_{X,Y_{+}})- - \rightarrow {\mathbb P}(T_{X,Y_{-}})\) such that there exist a unique structure of Jordan algebra on \(T_{X,Y_{-}}\) and a linear isomorphism \(\alpha:T_{X,Y_{+}} \to T_{X,Y_{-}}\) for which \({\mathbb P}(\alpha)\circ \psi\) is the projectivizacion of the inversion map in \(T_{X,Y_{-}}\). Then, see Theorem 1.3, the case of classical simple groups \(G\) is described for \({\mathbb C}^*\)-actions which are determined by some particular gradings (short and balanced) of the Lie algebra of \(G\): the induced birational transformation is a small \({\mathbb Q}\)-factorial modification and a exhaustive list of explicit descriptions is presented. Finally, see Theorem 1.4, the special case \(E_7\), the only one admitting a short and balanced grading of its Lie algebra, is also described.