Free dual spaces and free Banach lattices (Q6187273)

The \textit{free Banach lattice} generated by a Banach space \(E\) is a Banach lattice \(FBL[E]\) such that there exists a linear isometry \(\Phi_E:E\to FBL[E]\) with the following universal property: for every Banach lattice \(X\) and every (bounded linear) operator \(T:E\to X\) there is a unique lattice homomorphism \(\hat T:FBL[E]\to X\) with \(\hat T\circ \Phi_E=T\) and \(\|\hat T\|=\|T\|\). Observe that, given an operator between Banach spaces \(T:E\to F\), the expression \(\overline T = \widehat{\Phi_F\circ T}\) defines a lattice homomorphism \(\overline T:FBL[E]\to FBL[F]\) such that \(\overline T\circ\Phi_E= \Phi_F\circ T\). In the above scheme, we can replace Banach spaces by dual Banach spaces, and operators by weak\(^*\)-to-weak\(^*\) operators, and we get that the second dual \(E^{**}\) with the natural embedding \(J_E:E\to E^{**}\) provides the \textit{free dual Banach space} generated by \(E\), and for every operator into a dual Banach space \(T:E\to X^*\) there is a unique weak\(^*\)-to-weak\(^*\) continuous extension to \(E^{**}\) given by \(J_X^*\circ T^{**}\). In the present paper the relation between the free Banach lattice generated by a Banach space and the free dual Banach space is clarified. The main result shows that \(FBL[E]^{**}\) can be identified with the free dual Banach lattice generated by the Banach space \(E\) precisely when \(E\) does not contain complemented subspaces isomorphic to \(\ell_1\). Moreover, the free dual space of the free Banach lattice generated by a Banach space is compared with the free Banach lattice generated by the corresponding free dual space. Given a Banach space \(E\) and denoting by \(FBL^{(p)}[E^{**}]\) the free \(p\)-convex Banach lattice generated by \(E^{**}\), the existence of a canonical isometric lattice embedding of \(FBL^{(p)}[E^{**}]\) into \(FBL^{(p)}[E]^{**}\) is proved, and that \(FBL^{(p)}[E^{**}]\) is lattice finitely representable in \(FBL^{(p)}[E]\).