A bound on the Hodge filtration of the de Rham cohomology of supervarieties (Q6187292)

Editorial remark: The following snippets are taken more or less directly from the text. Let \(X\) be a smooth proper supervariety of dimension \(n|m\) over \(\mathbb C\). It is known that the de Rham cohomology \(H^\bullet_{dR}(X)\) of \(X\) is canonically isomorphic to the de Rham cohomology \(H^\bullet_{dR}(X_0)\) of the underlying usual variety \(X_0\) of dimension \(n\). However, the Hodge filtration \((F^pH^i_{dR}(X))\) on \(H^i_{dR}(X)\) in general differs from the Hodge filtration \((F^pH^i_{dR}(X_0))\) on \(H^i_{dR}(X_0)\) (see [\textit{A. Polishchuk}, ``De Rham cohomology for supervarieties'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2305.01858}]). It is natural to try to compare these Hodge filtrations. There is an obvious inclusion \[ F^pH^i_{dR}(X)\subset F^pH^i_{dR}(X_0) \] which we can think of as an upper bound for \(F^pH^i_{dR}(X)\) in terms of the Hodge filtration of \(X_0\). The main result of this text gives a lower bound for \(F^1H^i_{dR}(X)\) in terms of the Hodge filtration of \(X_0\). It can also be formulated in terms of the canonical map \[ \kappa_{n+i}:H^i(X,\operatorname{Ber}_X)\to H^{n+i}_{dR}(X_0),\tag{2} \] defined either using Serre duality or using the complex of integral forms. \textbf{Theorem A}. For each \(i\), one has an inlcusion \(F^1H^i_{dR}(X)\supset F^{m+1}H^i_{dR}(X_0)\) (recall that the dimension of \(X\) is \(n|m\)). Equivalently, one has an inclusion \[ \operatorname{im}(\kappa_{n+i})\subset F^{n-m}H^{n+i}_{dR}(X_0).\tag{1} \] The equivalence in Theorem A is a consequence of a certain duality statement: we prove that the \(\kappa_{n+i}\) is dual to the natural map \(H^{n-i}_{dR}(X)\to H^{n-i}(X,\mathcal O)\), with respect to the Serre duality and the Poincare duality (see Proposition 1). The inclusion (1) was conjectured by Kontsevich. It is natural to ask how to generalize Theorem A to give lower bounds for \(F^pH^i_{dR}(X)\) for \(p>1\). We prove a certain generalization of (1), which compares an analog of Hodge filtration for the hypercohomology of the complex of integral forms on \(X\) with the classical Hodge filtration (see Theorem 2). Conjecturally, this should lead to the inclusion \[ F^{p+1}(X)\supset F^{2p+m+1}(X_0). \] Recall that for a smooth proper supervariety \(X\) we have the de Rham complex \(\Omega^\bullet_X\) (placed in degrees \(\ge 0\)). The de Rham cohomology \(H^\bullet_{dR}(X)\) is defined as the hypercohomology of \(\Omega^\bullet\). Let \(i:X_0\hookrightarrow X\) be the bosonization of \(X\), so \(\mathcal O_{X_0}=\mathcal O_X/\mathcal N\), where \(\mathcal N\) is the ideal generated by odd functions. The natural map \(\Omega^\bullet_X\to i_*\Omega^\bullet_{X_0}\) is known to be a quasi-isomorphism (see e.g., [\textit{A. Polishchuk}, ``De Rham cohomology for supervarieties'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2305.01858}]), so it induces isomorphisms \[ H^q_{dR}(X)\simeq H^q_{dR}(X_0)\simeq H^q(X_0,\mathbb C),\tag{2} \] where \(H^q(X_0,\mathbb C)\) denotes the cohomology of the constant sheaf with respect to the analytic topology. Equivalently, the inclusion of the constant sheaf \(\mathbb C_X\) into \(\Omega^\bullet_X\) induces an isomorphism on cohomology (in the analytic topology). The Hodge filtration on de Rham cohomology is defined by \[ F^pH^i_{dR}(X):=\operatorname{im}(H^i(X,\sigma_{\ge p}\Omega^\bullet)\to H^i(X,\Omega^\bullet), \] where \(\sigma_{\ge p}\) denotes the stupid truncation of a complex. Equivalently, \(F^pH^i_{dR}(X)\) is the kernel of the map to \(H^i(X,\sigma_{\le p-1}\Omega^\bullet)\). Lemma 1. Assume that \(X\) is projected. Then under the identification (2) one has \(F^pH^i_{dR}(X)=F^pH^i_{dR}(X_0)\). We denote by \(\operatorname{Ber}_X\) the Berezinian line bundle on \(X\) (obtained as the Berezinian of \(\Omega^1_X\)). Recall that the complex of integral forms \(\Sigma_{\bullet}=\Sigma_{X,\bullet}\) is a complex of the form \[ \ldots\operatorname{Ber}_X\otimes {\bigwedge}^2 T_X\to \operatorname{Ber}_X\otimes T_X \to \operatorname{Ber}_X, \] placed in degrees \(\le n\) (so that \(\Sigma_n=\operatorname{Ber}_X\)). The formula for the differential \(\delta\) that uses the right connection on \(\operatorname{Ber}_X\) can be found in [\textit{Y. I. Manin}, Gauge field theory and complex geometry. Transl. from the Russian by N. Koblitz and J. R. King. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1988; Zbl 0641.53001), ch.\ IV, 5.4], [\textit{I. B. Penkov}, Invent. Math. 71, 501--512 (1983; Zbl 0528.32012)]. It is known (see [\textit{I. B. Penkov}, Invent. Math. 71, 501--512 (1983; Zbl 0528.32012)]) that there is a natural isomorphism \[ H^i(X_0,\mathbb C)=H^i(X_0,\Omega^\bullet) {\simeq} H^i(\Sigma_\bullet)\tag{3} \] and that the map \[ H^n(\operatorname{Ber})\to H^{2n}(\Sigma_{\bullet})\simeq H^{2n}(X_0,\mathbb C)\simeq\mathbb C\tag{4} \] is an isomorphism. Theorem 2. One has an inclusion \[ F_{n-p}H^i(\Sigma_X)\subset F_{n-2p-m}H^i(X_0,\mathbb C). \] It is natural to conjecture that the Hodge filtrations on the de Rham cohomology and on the hypercohomology of the complex of integral forms are related. \textbf{Conjecture B}. \(F^{p+1}H^{i}(\Omega^\bullet_X)\) is equal to the orthogonal of \(F_{n-p}H^{2n-i}(\Sigma_{X,\bullet})\) with respect to the Poincare pairing on \(H^\bullet(X_0,\mathbb C)\). Note that the analog of Conjecture B for usual (even) varieties is an easy corollary of the Hodge decomposition. If Conjecture B is true then the statement of Theorem 2 is equivalent to the inclusion \[ F^{p+1}H^i_{dR}(X)\supset F^{2p+m+1}H^i_{dR}(X_0). \] We can check Conjecture B for \(p=0\). Prop. 1. The map \(\kappa_{n+i}:H^i(X,\operatorname{Ber}_X)\to H^{n+i}(X_0,\mathbb C)\) is dual to the natural map \(p_{n-i}:H^{n-i}(X_0,\mathbb C)\to H^{n-i}(X,\mathcal O_X)\), where we use the Poincare pairing to identify \(H^{n-i}(X_0,\mathbb C)\) with the dual of \(H^{n+i}(X_0,\mathbb C)\), and we use the Serre duality to identify \(H^{n-i}(X,\mathcal O_X)\) with the dual of \(H^i(X,\operatorname{Ber}_X)\). Hence, Conjecture B holds for \(p=0\).