Identities and congruences for Ramanujan's \(\omega (q)\) (Q618854)

This paper is an application of the authors' recent work on generalized Borcherds products [Ann. Math. (2) 172, No. 3, 2135--2181 (2010; Zbl 1244.11046). Let \(a_{\omega}(n)\) denote the coefficient of \(q^n\) in the third order mock theta function \(\omega(q)\), defined using the usual \(q\)-series notation by \[ \omega(q) = \sum_{n \geq 0} \frac{q^{2n(n+1)}}{(q;q^2)_{n+1}^2}. \] Using the Legendre symbol \(\left(\frac{\bullet}{3}\right)\) and Jacobi symbol \(\chi(m) = \left(\frac{-8}{m}\right)\), define \(\hat{\sigma}_{\omega}(n)\) by \[ \hat{\sigma}_{\omega}(n) = \sum_{1 \leq d | n} \left(\frac{d}{3}\right)\chi(n/d)d\cdot a_{\omega} \left(\frac{2d^2-2}{3}\right). \] The authors show that the series \[ L_{\omega}(q) := \sum_{n \geq 1} \hat{\sigma}_{\omega}(n)q^n \] is the Fourier expansion of a weight \(2\) meromorphic modular form on \(\Gamma_0(6)\), and using this they deduce the following congruence, valid for primes \(p \geq 5\): \[ a_{\omega}\left(\frac{2p^2-2}{3}\right) \equiv \begin{cases} \left(\frac{p}{3}\right) \pmod{512}, & \text{if \(p \equiv 1,3 \pmod{8}\)}, \\ \left(\frac{p}{3}\right)(1+2p^{255}) \pmod{512}, & \text{if \(p \equiv 5,7 \pmod{8}\)}. \end{cases} \]