Inertial power balance system with nonlinear time-derivatives and periodic natural frequencies (Q6189434)

This paper considers the system of coupled phase oscillators governed by \[ I\ddot{\theta}_i\dot{\theta}_i+M\dot{\theta}_i^2=\omega_i+\frac{K}{N}\sum_{k=1}^N\sin{(\theta_k-\theta_i)} \] modelling a power grid system. \(I,M\) and \(K\) are assumed to be positive constants. The \(\omega_i\) are assumed to all be \(T\)-periodic in time. The authors prove two theorems: Assuming that \(|\omega_i(t)-\omega|<\epsilon\) for all \(i\) and all \(t\), where \(\omega\) is a constant, if \(\epsilon\) is sufficiently small then the system has a periodic phase-locked state for which each phase difference \(\theta_i-\theta_j\) and each velocity \(\dot{\theta}_i\) are \(T\)-periodic. The second theorem states that if the initial states and velocities are close enough to those of the above phase-locked state, the system approaches this state exponentially, i.e., it is asymptotically stable. The results are demonstrated with numerical simulations and the case of not all-to-all coupling is also briefly mentioned.