Intersection of duality and derivation relations for multiple zeta values (Q6196146)

The real multiple zeta values MZVs are defined by \[ \zeta(k_1,\ldots,k_r):=\sum_{m_1>\cdots>m_r\geq 1}\frac 1{ m_1^{k_1}\cdots m_r^{k_r}}\in {\mathbb R}^*, \] where \(k_1\geq 2\). Set \(\mathbf{k}:=(k_1,\ldots,k_r)\in {\mathbb N}^r\). The depth of \(\mathbf{k}\) is defined as \(\mathrm{dep}(\mathbf k)=r\), \({\mathrm{wt}}(\mathbf{k})= \sum_{i=1}^r k_i\) is called the weight and \({\mathrm{ht}}(\mathbf{k})=|\{i\mid k_i\neq 1\}|\) is called the height. The \(\mathbb{Q}\)-linear space spanned by all MZVs has an algebraic structure. The duality relation is a basic and important family of \(\mathbb{Q}\)-linear relations for MZVs. The extended double shuffle relation (EDSR) is one of the families of relations expected to generate all \(\mathbb{Q}\)-linear relations among MZVs. However, it is not clear whether all duality relations can be deduced from the EDSR. In the paper under review, the author considers the family generated by the duality relation and the family generated by the derivation relation. The main goal is to characterize the intersection of these families explicitly. By using this characterization, it is possible to generate all relations of the intersection. In particular, four identities as special cases of the characterization are derived. Two of these cases are seen as new proofs of the results of \textit{J. Kajikawa} [J. Number Theory 121, No. 1, 1--6 (2006; Zbl 1171.11322)] and \textit{Z. Li} [Funct. Approximatio, Comment. Math. 58, No. 2, 215--220 (2018; Zbl 1441.11219)].