Additivity and exponentiality are alien to each other (Q623400)

Let the mappings \(f,g: S\to R\) be additive and exponential, respectively, i.e., \[ f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y),\quad g(x+y)=g(x)g(y), \quad x,y\in S. \] Then, obviously the pair \((f,g)\) yields a solution of the functional equation \[ f(x+y)+g(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+g(x)g(y),\quad x,y\in S.\tag{\(*\)} \] The aim of the paper is to discuss whether the converse is true, i.e., whether a solution \((f,g)\) of the latter equation must be a pair of additive and exponential mappings. The idea of such a phenomenon, termed alienation, comes from \textit{J. Dhombres} [Aequationes Math. 35, 186--212 (1988; Zbl 0654.39003)]. The solutions of the equation (\(*\)) where \(S\) in an Abelian monoid and \(R\) is an integral domain or a field, are described in the paper. Finally, the author proves that if \(f,g\) satisfy (\(*\)) and are not quadratically equivalent (i.e., \(\Delta^{3}_{y}(\alpha f+\beta g)(x)\not\equiv 0\) for all nonvanishing constants \(\alpha, \beta\in\mathbb{R}\)), then \(f\) must be additive and \(g\) exponential. In other words, ``additivity and exponentiality are alien to each other modulo quadratical equivalence''.