Punctured combinatorial Nullstellensätze (Q624183)

A version of Nullstellensatz proved by \textit{N. Alon} [Comb. Probab. Comput. 8, No. 1--2, 7--29 (1999; Zbl 0920.05026)] asserts that, for a polynomial \(f \in F[X_1,\dots,X_n]\) over an arbitrary field \(F\) and for polynomials \(g_i = g_i(X_i)\), \(i = 1,\dots,n\) each of one variable \(X_i\) and splitting completely in \(F\), if \(f\) vanishes over all the common zeros of \(g_1,\dots,g_n\), then there are polynomials \(h_i \in F[X_1,\dots,X_n]\) satisfying \(f = h_1g_1 + \cdots + h_ng_n\) and the degree of each \(h_ig_i\) is not greater than the degree of \(f\). This is said to be the combinatorial Nullstellensatz. The first result proved by the authors is an extension of the combinatorial Nullstellensatz to the case when the polynomial \(f\) has zeros of a fixed multiplicity \(t\) at all the common zeros of \(g_1,\dots,g_n\). The second main result is the punctured version of the above combinatorial Nullstellensatz with multiplicity. It takes into account the situation where at all the common zeros of the polynomials \(g_1,\dots,g_n\) the polynomial \(f\) has at least one zero of smaller multiplicity than \(t\). In particular, if \(f\) does not vanish at a common zero of \(g_1,\dots,g_n\), then the conclusion is that the residue of \(f\) modulo the ideal generated by \(g_1,\dots,g_n\) has a large degree. Geometrical applications of the authors' results include generalizations of earlier results of \textit{A. A. Bruen} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 60, No. 1, 19--33 (1992; Zbl 0754.05024)], \textit{R. E. Jamison} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 22, 253--266 (1977; Zbl 0354.12019)], and \textit{A. E. Brouwer and A. Schrijver} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 24, 251--253 (1978; Zbl 0373.05020)].