Surjectivity of the global-to-local map defining a Selmer group (Q624653)

This paper studies the cokernel of the map from a global Galois cohomology group to a direct sum of quotients of local Galois cohomology groups, whose kernel defines a Selmer group. Let \(K\) be a finite extension of \(\mathbb{Q}\) and let \(\Sigma\) be a finite set of primes in \(K\). Denote by \(K_{\Sigma}\) the maximal algebraic extension of \(K\) unramified outside of \(\Sigma\). Assume \(\Sigma\) contains all archimedean primes and all primes lying over some fixed rational prime \(p\). Let \(R\supseteq \Lambda\) be a complete Noetherian local ring with the maximal ideal \(\mathfrak{m}\) and the finite residue field \(R/\mathfrak{m}\) of characteristic \(p\), where the subring \(\Lambda\cong \mathbb{Z}_p[[x_1,\cdots,x_m]]\) or \(\mathbb{F}_p[[x_1,\cdots,x_{m+1}]]\) for some integer \(m\geq 0\). Let \(\mathcal{T}\) be the underlying free \(R\)-module on which \(\text{Gal}(K_{\Sigma}/K)\) acts via a continuous representation \(\rho: \text{Gal}(K_{\Sigma}/K)\longrightarrow \text{GL}_n(R)\). Define \(\mathcal{D}=\mathcal{T}\otimes_R \text{Hom}(R, \mathbb{Q}_p/\mathbb{Z}_p)\). For each prime \(v\) of \(K\), denote by \(K_v\) the completion of \(K\) at \(v\). Let \(L(K_v,\mathcal{D})\) be an \(R\)-submodule of \(H^1(K_v, \mathcal{D})\) for each \(v\in \Sigma\). Denote by \(\mathcal{L}\) the specification \(\{L(K_v, \mathcal{D})\}_{v\in\Sigma}\). The natural global-to-local restriction maps for \(H^1(\cdot, \mathcal{D})\) induces a map \[ \phi_{\mathcal{L}}: H^1(K_{\Sigma}/K, \mathcal{D})\longrightarrow \prod_{v\in\Sigma}\frac{H^1(K_v,\mathcal{D})}{L(K_v,\mathcal{D})}, \] where \(S_{\mathcal{L}}(K,\mathcal{D}):=\ker(\phi_{\mathcal{L}})\) is defined to be the Selmer group for \(\mathcal{D}\) over \(K\) for \(\mathcal{L}\). For the case \(L(K_v,\mathcal{D})=0\) for any \(v\in\Sigma\), the Selmer group is denoted by \(\text{Sha}^1(K,\Sigma,\mathcal{D})\). Let \(\mathcal{T}^*=\text{Hom}(\mathcal{D}, \mu_{p^{\infty}})\). Define the specification \(\mathcal{L}^*\) as follows: for any \(v\in\Sigma\), \(L(K_v,\mathcal{D})\) is the orthogonal complement of \(L(K_v,\mathcal{D})\) under the pairing \[ H^1(K_v,\mathcal{D})\times H^1(K_v,\mathcal{T}^*)\longrightarrow \mathbb{Q}_p/\mathbb{Z}_p. \] The author first studies the structure of the \(\Lambda\)-modules \(H^1(K_{\Sigma}/K, \mathcal{T}^*)\) and its maximal torsion \(\Lambda\)-submodule \(H^1(K_{\Sigma}/K, \mathcal{T}^*)_{\Lambda-\text{tors}}\). Then using the Poitou-Tate duality theorems, the author shows the following \(\Lambda\)-module isomorphism: \[ \widehat{\text{coker}(\phi_{\mathcal{L}})}\cong \frac{S_{\mathcal{L}^*}(K,\mathcal{T}^*)}{\text{Sha}^1(K,\Sigma,\mathcal{T}^*)}. \] This expression of \(\text{coker}(\phi_{\mathcal{L}})\) in terms of Selmer groups for \(\mathcal{T}^*\) allows the author to give several sufficient conditions for \(\phi_{\mathcal{L}}\) to be surjective. Lastly, the author applies his results to two special cases: the case \(R=\Lambda=\mathbb{Z}_p\) and \(\mathcal{T}=T_p(A)\) is the \(p\)-adic Tate module for an abelian variety \(A\), where a well-known theorem of Cassels is verified; and the case \(R=\Lambda=\mathbb{Z}_p[[\Gamma]]\), where \(\Gamma=\text{Gal}(K_{\infty}/K)\cong \mathbb{Z}_p^m\) for an infinite Galois extension \(K_{\infty}/K\) and an integer \(m\geq 1\).