An alternative scheme to calculate the strain rate tensor for the LES applications in the LBM (Q624725)

Summary: Large eddy simulations (LES) based on the Smagorinsky model can be conveniently used in the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) because the strain rate tensor, \(S_{ij}\), used to determine the eddy kinematic viscosity can be calculated from the second-order moment of the nonequilibrium distribution function, and the current total nondimensional relaxation time can be determined explicitly. A new method is developed where the distribution function after the relaxation subroutine differs from that after the motion subroutine leading to a similar method to determine \(S_{ij}\), but its application is inconvenient due to the implicit feature. However, the derivation also leads to an alternative explicit scheme for calculating \(S_{ij}\) based on physical analysis of the momentum transport process, where the stress tensor, \(T_{ij}\), is calculated first, and then \(S_{ij}\) is determined from \(T_{ij}\) using the constitutive relationship for Newtonian fluid. The current total nondimensional relaxation time is also given explicitly so that this LES model can be easily used in the LBM.