On simultaneous rational approximation to a real number and its integral powers (Q624780)

For a positive integer \(n\) and a real number \(\xi\), let \(\lambda_n(\xi)\) denote the supremum of the real numbers \(\lambda\) such that there are arbitrarily large positive integers \(q\) such that \(\| q\xi \|, \| q\xi^2 \|,\ldots,\| q\xi^n \|\) are all less than \(q^{-\lambda}\), where \(\|\cdot\|\) denotes the distance to the nearest integer. The author studies the set of values taken by the function \(\lambda_n\). He proves that the spectrum of \(\lambda_n\) ( i.e., the set of values taken on the set of transcendental real numbers ) includes the interval \([1,\infty] \). For \(n\geq 2\) and a real number \(\lambda\geq n-1\) the set \(\{\xi\in{\mathbb R}\mid \lambda_n(\xi)=\lambda\}\) has Hausdorff dimension \(\frac{2}{n(1+\lambda)}\). The spectrum of \(\lambda_2\) is \([\frac 12,\infty]\). There exist uncountably many real numbers \(\xi\) satisfying \(\lambda_n(\xi)=1\) for \(n\geq 1\). For \(n\geq 2\) the spectrum of \(\lambda_n\) on the Cantor set includes the interval \([\frac{1+\sqrt{4n^2+1}}{2n},\infty]\). Several new questions are formulated.