On an integrable system of \(q\)-difference equations satisfied by the universal characters: its Lax formalism and an application to \(q\)-Painlevé equations (Q625427)

The aim of this paper is to provide an alternative formulation of lattice \(q\)-UC hierarchy (UC hierarchy is an extension of the KP hierarchy) and explore its application to the \(q\)-Painlevé equations. The author reformulates \(q\)-LUC as a compatibility condition of its auxiliary system of linear equations (Lax formalism). Based on the Lax formalism, then he describes \(q\)-LUC as a system of \(q\)-difference evolution equations for appropriate dependent variables, which naturally includes the \(q\)-KP hierarchy as a special case. The author considers a reduction of \(q\)-LUC by requiring its solution to satisfy certain homogeneity and periodicity (a similarity reduction). As a result he gets birational discrete dynamical systems of \(q\)-Painlevé type. For example a higher order extension of the \(q\)-Painlevé VI equation is presented. Observing the universal characters to be consistent with the similarity reduction, one can construct particular solutions of the dynamics in terms of the universal characters.