A note on the shadowing lemma of Liao: a generalized and improved version (Q625598)

The article deals with a version of the shadowing lemma in which an almost closed finite orbit of a \(C^1\)-class discrete time dynamical system is uniformly approximated by a periodic orbit of the same length. It enhances the analogous lemma by S. Liao. The ordinary shadowing lemma leans on the uniform hyperbolicity of the dynamics. In the article this condition is weakened up to quasi-hyperbolicity along a finite almost closed orbit \(x,f(x),\dots,f^n(x)\), where \(f^n(x) \approx x\), and \(\varepsilon\)-proximity between the orbit and its closed shadow \(z,f(z),\dots,f^n(z) = z\) is strengthened up to \((\varepsilon,\rho)\)-exponential proximity, which means that \[ \text{dist} \, \bigl(f^t(x),f^t(z)\bigr)\leq \varepsilon e^{-\rho\min\{t, n-t\}}, \qquad t=0,\,\dots,\,n. \] While in the uniformly hyperbolic case the latter property is quite evident, its proof for quasi-hyperbolic orbits is rather involved.