Romanoff theorem in a sparse set (Q625829)

Let \(A\) be a set of positive integers and \(A(x)\) the number of elements of \(A\) not exceeding \(x\). The author proves that the number of positive integers which are less than \(x\) and of the form \(2^k+p\) with \(k\in A\) and \(p\) a prime number is greater than \(0.030996A(\log_2 x)\pi(x)\) for all sufficiently large \(x\). The number of positive integers which are less than \(x\) and of the form \(p-2^k\) with \(k\in A\) and \(p\) a prime number is greater than \(0.030996A(\log_2 x)\pi(x)\) for all sufficiently large \(x\). Four related open problems and one conjecture are posed.