Twisted exponential sums of polynomials in one variable (Q625834)

Let \(p\) be a prime and \(q=p^b\) be a power of \(p\). Let \(u\) be an element of \({\mathbb Z}^n/(q-1)\) and suppose that \(b\) is the least positive integer such that \(p^bu=u\). Write \(u=u_0+u_1p+\cdots+u_{b-1}p^{b-1}\) where the \(u_i\) are integers with \(0\leq u_i\leq p-1\). Let \(\mu_{q-1}\) be the group of \((q-1)\)-th roots of units in \({\mathbb Z}_q\), let \(\omega\) denote the Teichmüller lifting from \({\mathbb F}_q\) to \(\mu_{q-1}\) and let \(\chi=\omega^{-u}\) be a character of \(({\mathbb F}_q^\times)^n\). Let \(\Delta\) denote the interval \([0,d]\) in \({\mathbb R}^n\) and let \(C(\Delta)\) be the cone generated by \(\Delta\) and set \(M(\Delta)=C(\Delta)\cap{\mathbb Z}^n\) and \(M_u(\Delta)=(q-1)^{-1} (M(\Delta)\cap u)\). Let \(f(x) = a_dx^d+ \sum_{i=1}^ka_ix^i\) with \(a_da_k\neq 0\) and \(k<d\) and \(x^u=x_1^{u_1}\ldots x_n^{u_n}\) for \(u=(u_1,\ldots,u_n)\) in \({\mathbb Z}^n\). Define the twisted \(T\)-adic exponential sum \[ S_{f,\chi}(l,T)\sum_{x\;\text{in} \big({\mathbb F}_{q^l}^\times\big)^n} \chi\left(\text{Norm}_{{\mathbb F}_{q^l}/{\mathbb F}_q}(x)\right) (1+T)^{\text{Tr}_{{\mathbb Q}_{q^l}/{\mathbb Q}_p}(f(x))}. \] and the corresponding \(L\)-function \(L_{f,\chi}(s,T)=\exp\left(\sum_{l=1}^\infty S_{f,\chi}(l,T)s^l/l\right)\). Further, for \(m\geq 1\), let \(\zeta_{p^m}\) be a primitive \(p^m\)-th root of unity and \(\pi_m=\zeta_{p^m}-1\) and define \[ C_{f,\chi}(s,T)=\exp\left(\sum_{l=1}^\infty -(q^l-1)^{-n} S_{f,\chi}(l,T){s^l\over l}\right). \] The aim is to find lower bounds for the Newton polygons of the \(C\)-function and the \(Ll\)-function of these twisted \(T\)-adic exponential sums. Set \(\delta_\varepsilon^{(i)}(n) = 1\) if \(pl\equiv n-u_{b-i}(d)\) for some \(l<d\{n/d\}\) and \(=0\) otherwise. Define \(p_{d,[0,k],u}\) to be the convex function on \({\mathbb R}_{\geq0}\) which is linear between consecutive integers and with initial value 0 and slopes between consecutive integers given by \[ \begin{align*}{\omega&_{d,[0,k],u}(a)={1\over b} \sum_{i=1}^b \left(\left[{pa+u_{b-i}\over d}\right]-\left[{a\over d}\right]+\left[{r_{a,i}\over k}\right]-\left[{r_a\over k}\right]\right)\cr &+{1\over b}\sum_{i=1}^b\sum_{j=0}^{r_a}\left({\bold 1}_{\{{r_{j,i}\over k}\}>\{{r_a\over k}\}}-{\bold 1}_{\{{r_j\over k}\}>\{{r_a\over k}\}}\right) -{1\over b}\sum_{i=1}^b\sum_{j=0}^{r_a-1}\left({\bold 1}_{\{{r_{j,i}\over k}\}>\{{r_{a-1}\over k}\}}-{\Bbb 1}_{\{{r_j\over k}\}>\{{r_{a-1}\over k}\}}\right)\cr}\end{align*} \] where \(r_a=d\{a/d\}\) and \(r_{a,i}=d\{pa+u_{b-i}/d\}\). The main result is that if \(p>(2+2[(d-1)/k])d-\varepsilon'(u)\) where \(\varepsilon'(u)=\min_{1\leq i\leq b} d\{u_i/d\}\) then \(\text{ord}_p(q) p_{d,[0,k],u}\) is a lower bound for the \(T\)-adic Newton polygon of \(C_f(s,T)\). A consequence is that \(\text{ord}_p(q) p_{d,[0,k],u}\) is a lower bound for the \(\pi_m\)-adic Newton polygon of \(L_{f,\chi}(s,\pi_m)\) on \([0,p^{m-1}d]\). The proof uses the \(T\)-adic Dwork trace formula \[ C_{f,\chi}(s,T) = \det\left(1-\Psi^bs|B_u/{\mathbb Z}_q[[(\pi^{1/d(q-1)}]]\right). \]