The quantum differential equation of the Hilbert scheme of points in the plane (Q626579)

The paper studies an ODE arising geometrically in the study of the equivariant quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of points on \(\mathbb C^2\) and the Gromov-Witten/Donaldson-Thomas theory of \(\mathbb P^1\times \mathbb C^2\). Specifically, let \(\mathcal F\) denote the Fock space with creation operators \(\alpha_{-k}\) acting on the vacum vector \(|\emptyset\rangle\), and annihilation operators killing the vacuum. The commutation relations are \[ [\alpha_k, \alpha_l]=k\delta_{k+l}. \] The differential equation studied in the paper takes the form \[ q\frac{d}{dq}\Psi=\mathsf M_{D}\Psi,\,\,\,\Psi\in \mathcal F \] for the differential operator \[ \mathsf M_{D}=\frac{t_1+t_2}{2}\sum_{k>0} \left(k\frac{(-q)^k+1}{(-q)^k-1}-\frac{(-q)+1}{(-q)-1}\right)\alpha_{-k}\alpha_k +\frac{1}{2}\sum_{k, l>0} (t_1t_2\alpha_{k+l}\alpha_{-k}\alpha_{-l}-\alpha_{-k-l}\alpha_k\alpha_l). \] This equation has regular singularities at \(q=0\), \(q=\infty\) and certain roots of unity. Geometrically, the Fock space can be identified via the Nakajima basis with the equivariant cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of points on the plane, \[ \mathcal F\otimes \mathbb C[t_1, t_2]\cong \bigoplus_n H^{\star}_{T}((\mathbb C^2)^{[n]}). \] A natural divisor \(D\) can be constructed from the first Chern class of the tautological quotient. Classical multiplication by \(D\) is related to the Hamiltonian of the Calogero-Sutherland system. The operator \(\mathsf M_D\) corresponds to the small quantum multiplication by \(D\) in the equivariant quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme. For \(q=0\), the operator \(\mathsf M_D(0)\) has as eigenvalues the Jack symmetric functions \(\mathsf J^{\lambda}\) with eigenvalues \[ c(\lambda, t_1, t_2)=\sum_{(i,j)\in \lambda}((j-1)t_1+(i-1)t_2), \] where \(\lambda\) is a partition. A solution of the ODE of the form \[ \Psi=\mathsf Y^{\lambda}(q)q^{-c(\lambda, t_1, t_2)},\,\, \mathsf Y^{\lambda}(0)=\mathsf J^{\lambda} \] with \(\mathsf Y^{\lambda}(q)\in \mathbb C[[q]]\) can be constructed for \(|q|<1\). The value of \(\mathsf Y^{\lambda}(q)\) for \(q=-1\) is found and related to the Macdonald polynomials.