Fibonacci integers (Q626831)

Let \(F_1=1, F_2=1,\ldots\) be the Fibonacci sequence, \({\mathcal G}_F\) the set of integers in the multiplicative group generated by \((F_n)_{n\geq 1}\) inside \({\mathbb Q}^*\). The authors prove that for each fixed \(\epsilon>0\), the estimate \[ \exp(c(\log x)^{1/2}-(\log x)^\epsilon)\leq \#({\mathcal G}_F\cap [1,x]) \leq \exp(c(\log x)^{1/2}+(\log x)^{1/6+\epsilon}) \] holds for all sufficiently large \(x\), with \[ c=2\zeta(2)\sqrt{\frac{\zeta(3)}{\zeta(6)\log \alpha}}, \] where \(\zeta\) is the Riemann zeta-function and \(\alpha=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\) is the golden mean. Their method is general and can be applied to any Lucas sequence of general term \(u_n=\frac{a^n-b^n}{a-b}\) or \(v_n=a^n+b^n\) for all \(n\geq 1\), where \(a+b\), \(ab\) are nonzero integers and \(a/b\) is not a root of \(1\).