Completeness with respect to a chain and universal models in fuzzy logic (Q627436)

A logic \(L\) is called ``strongly complete'' with respect to a chain \(C\) if the consequence relation of \(L\) is determined by \(C\). For infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic it is known for a long time that this is the case whenever \(C\) is an MV-algebra obtained as the ultraproduct of \([0,1]\) via a nonprincipal ultrafilter. See, e.g., \textit{J. Czelakowski}'s paper [Bull. Sect. Logic, Pol. Acad. Sci. 8, 79--82 (1979; Zbl 0418.03019)] together with \textit{R. Wójcicki}'s one [Z. Math. Logik Grundlagen Math. 19, 239--247 (1973; Zbl 0313.02008)]. See also Chapter 20 of the present reviewer's book [Advanced Łukasiewicz calculus and MV-algebras (to appear). Trends in Logic -- Studia Logica Library 35. Berlin: Springer (2011; Zbl 1235.03002)]. For general results along these lines see [\textit{W. Dziobiak}, \textit{A. V. Kravchenko} and \textit{P. J. Wojciechowski}, Stud. Log. 91, No.~1, 113--123 (2009; Zbl 1167.08004)]. The paper under review investigates the strong completeness property (with respect to a single chain) of several many-valued logics and their first-order counterparts. Sufficient conditions are given for a logic to have this property, notably the joint embedding property of \(L\)-chains.