The shifted primes and the multidimensional Szemerédi and polynomial Van der Waerden theorems (Q627733)

Let \(\overrightarrow{m_1},\ldots, \overrightarrow{m_k}\in{\mathbb Z}^d\), \(E\) a subset of \({\mathbb Z}^d\) of positive upper Banach density, namely \(d^*(E)=\limsup\frac{|E\cap B|}{|B|}>0\), where the \(\limsup\) is taken over parallelepipeds \(B\subset {\mathbb Z}^d\), \( B=\prod_{i=1}^d[M_i,N_i]\) with \(\min_i |N_i-M_i|\to\infty\). The authors prove that the set \[ R(E)=\{n\in{\mathbb N}:d^*(E\cap(E-n\overrightarrow{m_1})\cap\ldots\cap(E-n\overrightarrow{m_k}))>0\} \] has a nonempty intersection with \({\mathbb P} -1\) and with \({\mathbb P} +1\), where \({\mathbb P}\) is the set of prime numbers. Let \((X,{\mathcal B},\mu)\) be a finite measure space, \(T_1,\ldots,T_k\) pairwise commuting measure transformations of \(X\). If \(A\in {\mathcal B}\), \(\mu(A)>0\), then the set \[ R(A)=\{n\in{\mathbb N}: \mu(A\cap T_1^{-n}A\cap\ldots\cap T_k^{-n}A)>0\} \] has a nonempty intersection with \({\mathbb P} -1\) and with \({\mathbb P} +1\). For any \(d\in{\mathbb N}\) and any finite partition \({\mathbb Z}^d=\cup_{s=1}^c C_s\), at least one of the sets \(C_s\) has the property that for any finite set of polynomials \(\overrightarrow{f_i}:{\mathbb Z}\to {\mathbb Z}^d,i=1,\ldots,k\), satisfying \(\overrightarrow{f_i}(0)=0\) for all \(i\), there exist \(p\in {\mathbb P}\) and \(\overrightarrow{a}\in {\mathbb Z}^d\) such that \[ \overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{f_1}(p-1),\ldots, \overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{f_k}(p-1)\in C_s, \] and there exist \(q\in{\mathbb P}\) and \(\overrightarrow{b}\in {\mathbb Z}^d\) such that \[ \overrightarrow{b},\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{f_1}(q+1),\ldots, \overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{f_k}(q+1)\in C_s. \]