Existence and multiplicity of homoclinic orbits for second order Hamiltonian systems without \((AR)\) condition (Q628793)

Consider the second order Hamiltonian system \[ \ddot{u}(t)-L(t)u(t)+\nabla W(t, u(t))=0,\quad t\in \mathbb{R}, \] where \(L\in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R}^{N^2})\) is a symmetric matrix valued function, \(W\in C^1(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^N, \mathbb{R})\) and \(\nabla W(t, x)\) denotes the gradient of \(W\) with respect to \(x\). As usual, a solution \(u\) of this problem is homoclinic to \(0\) if \(u\in C^2(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R}^N)\) and \(u(t)\rightarrow 0\) as \(|t|\rightarrow 0\). The well-known Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz (AR) condition states that there exists a constant \(\mu >2\) such that \(0<\mu W(t, x)\leq (\nabla W(t, x), x)\) for all \(t\in \mathbb{R}\) and all \(x\in \mathbb{R}^N\setminus \{0\}\). In this paper, the existence of homoclinic orbits is obtained without the (AR) condition but using the concentration-compactness principle and the fountain theorem.