An intrinsic approach to invariants of framed links in 3-manifolds (Q628825)

This paper is about oriented framed links and their skein modules in oriented three manifolds. Let \(M\) be a compact \(3\)-manifold, \({\mathcal L}={\mathcal L}(M)\) the set of isotopy classes of framed oriented links in \(M\), and \(R\) a ring. Let \({\mathcal F}(M)\) be the free \(R\)-module \(R{\mathcal L}\) with basis \({\mathcal L}\) quotiented by a certain type of skein relations. In [\textit{J. H. Przytycki}, ``Algebraic topology based on knots: An introduction.'' Proceedings of the international conference and workshop on knot theory, Tokyo, Japan, July 22-26, 1996. Singapore: World Scientific. 279--297 (1997; Zbl 0960.57011)], Przytycki defined the quantum deformation of the fundamental group \(\pi_1(M)\) as the symmetric algebra \(S(R\hat{\pi})\) of the free \(R\)-module \(R\hat{\pi}\) with basis \(\hat{\pi}\), the set of conjugacy classes of \(\pi_1(M)\). Which relation is there between \({\mathcal F}(M)\) and \(S(R\hat{\pi})\)? For \(R=\mathbb{Z}[q^{\pm1}]\), if \(M\) has no non-separating closed surfaces, then they are isomorphic [\textit{U. Kaiser}, ``Quantum deformations of fundamental groups of oriented 3-manifolds.'' Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 356, No.~10, 3869--3880 (2004; Zbl 1054.57009)]. In the paper under review the author works with \(R=\hat{\Lambda}=\mathbb{C}[[x,y]]\), the ring of formal power series in two variables and complex coefficients, and considers the Kauffman skein relations. For an oriented rational homology \(3\)-sphere with \(\pi_2(M)=0\), and atoroidal if \(H_1(M)\not= 0\), it is proved (Theorem~1.5) that \({\mathcal F}^*(M)\) and \(S^*(\hat{\Lambda}\hat{\pi})\) are isomorphic \(\hat{\Lambda}\)-modules. Here \(^*\) denotes the corresponding \(\hat{\Lambda}\)-dual. A similar result was obtained by working with Homfly skein relations in the unframed case, in Theorem A of [\textit{E. Kalfagianni} and \textit{Xiao-Song Lin}, ``The HOMFLY polynomial for links in rational homology 3-spheres.'' Topology 38, No.~1, 95--115 (1999; Zbl 0961.57005)]. In the way and in the spirit of the Vassiliev invariants, a result about integrability of invariants for singular links with one double point is proved (Theorem 2.6). The analogous unframed case is Theorem 3.1.2 in [\textit{E. Kalfagianni} and \textit{X-S. Lin}, loc. cit.].