The quintic NLS as the mean field limit of a boson gas with three-body interactions (Q629692)

The authors consider a system of \(N\) bosons with Hamiltonian \[ H_N:= \sum_{j=1,\dots,\mathbb N} (-\Delta_{x_j})+ N^{-2} \sum_{1\leq i<j<k\leq\mathbb N} N^{2d\beta} V(N^\beta\big(X_i-X_j),N^\beta(X_i-X_k)\big), \] on \(D(H_N)= L_{\text{sym}}^2(\mathbb R^{dN})\), \(V\geq 0\), \(V(x,y)= V(y,x)\in W^{2,p}(\mathbb R^{2d})\), \(2d<p\leq\infty\). Solutions \(\psi_{N,t}\) of the Schrödinger equation \(i\partial_t\psi_{N,t}= H_N\psi_{N,t}\), \(\psi_{N,0}= \psi_N\in D(H_N)\), determine the \(N\)-particle density matrix \(\gamma_N(t;x_N;x_N')= \overline{\psi}_{N,t}(x_N)\psi_{N,t}(x_N')\) and its \(k\)-particle marginals \(\gamma_{N,t}^{(k)}(t;x_k;x_k')= \int dx_{N-k}\gamma_N(t; x_k,x_{N-k};x_k',x_{n-k})\) for \(k=1,\dots,N\), \(x_k=(x_1,\dots,x_k)\), \(x_{N-k}= (x_{k+1},\dots,x_N)\). BBGKY hierarchy for \(\gamma_{N,t}^{(k)}\) and a limiting GP hierarchy for \(\gamma_{\infty,t}^{(k)}\) are given. Theorem. Assume that \(d=1\) or 2, that \(V\in W^{2,p}\) for \(p\geq 4\) if \(d=2\), and \(p>1\) if \(d=1\), and that \(0<\beta<1/\{4(d+1)\}\). Let \(\{\psi_N\}_N\) denote a family such that \(\sup_N\langle\psi_N,H_N\psi_N\rangle/N<\infty\), and that \(\exists\varphi\in L^2(\mathbb R^d)\) such that \(\text{Tr}|\gamma_N^{(1)}- |\varphi\rangle\langle\varphi||\to 0\) and \(N\to\infty\). Then \(\gamma_{N,t}^{(k)}\) associated to \(\psi_{N,t}= \exp(-itH_N)\psi_N\) satisfies \(\text{Tr}|\gamma_{N,t}^{(k)}- |\varphi_t\rangle\langle\varphi_t|^{\otimes k}|\to 0\) as \(N\to\infty\), where \(\varphi_t\) satisfies \(i\partial_t\varphi_t+ \Delta\varphi_t-b_0|\varphi_t|^4 \varphi_t=0\), with \(\varphi_0=\varphi\) and with \(b_0= \int_{\mathbb R^d\times\mathbb R^d}\,dx\,dx'V(x,x')\).