Isomorphisms of algebras of generalized functions (Q629863)

Let \(\mathcal{G}(X)\) (resp. \(\mathcal{G}(Y)\)) denote the algebra of complex-valued Colombeau generalized functions on a smooth paracompact Hausdorff manifold \(X\) (resp. \(Y\)). The author characterizes the multiplicative \(\widetilde{\mathbb{C}}\)-linear functionals on \(\mathcal{G}(X)\), where \(\widetilde{\mathbb{C}}\) denotes the ring of Colombeau generalized complex numbers. Up to multiplication with an idempotent element of \(\widetilde{\mathbb{C}}\), these functionals turn out to coincide with the evaluation maps at compactly-supported generalized points in \(\mathcal{G}(X)\). Using such a characterization, he proves that, up to multiplication with an idempotent element of \(\mathcal{G}(Y)\) (which must be locally constant on \(Y\)), algebra homomorphisms \(\mathcal{G}(X)\rightarrow \mathcal{G}(Y)\) are characterized as compositions with locally defined Colombeau generalized functions from \(X\) to \(Y\). When the homomorphism is an isomorphism the idempotent element must equal 1, so that the generalized function from \(X\) into \(Y\) is uniquely determined. This extends the well-known theorem in commutative Banach algebra theory that the isomorphisms between algebras of complex-valued continuous functions on compact Hausdorff topological spaces \(E\), resp. \(F\), are given by composition with a unique homeomorphism from \(F\) to \(E\). A final section is appended where some results known in the special case that \(X\) is an open subset of \(\mathbb{R}^d\) are established for submanifolds of \(\mathbb{R}^d\).