Condensation in nongeneric trees (Q629884)

The authors consider the distribution \(\nu_N\) on all trees with \(N\) edges induced by a Galton-Watson branching process conditioned to have a total population of \(N+1\) (taking the sum over all generations). Equivalently, the measure \(\nu_N\) can be described by assigning to each vertex of degree \(k\) a weight \(w_k\), taking the product over all vertices and normalizing it by the partition sum \(Z_N\). Depending on properties of the generating function of the partition sums \(Z_N\), the authors distinguish between generic trees and non-generic trees. Subcritical Galton-Watson processes (mean offspring number \(m<1\)) induce non-generic trees and critical Galton-Watson processes may induce generic or non-generic trees. The case of generic trees was considered earlier in [\textit{B. Durhuus, T. Jonsson} and \textit{J. F. Wheater}, ``The spectral dimension of generic trees'', J. Stat. Phys. 128, No. 5, 1237--1260 (2007; Zbl 1136.82006)]. In a suitable topology on the space of all trees, the authors show convergence of \((\nu_N)\) to some infinite volume Gibbs measure \(\nu\). In the case \(m<1\), this measure is shown to be concentrated on trees of finite diameter and with exactly one vertex of infinite degree. Furthermore, as \(N\to\infty\), the growth of the maximal degree among all vertices is shown to be \(\approx(1-m)N\). Finally, consider the subcritical case, where \(w_k\approx ck^{-\beta}\) for some \(\beta>2\) and some constant \(c>0\). While \(\nu\)-almost surely the spectral dimension of the tree is infinite, the authors propose to consider the annealed spectral dimension which they compute to equal \(2\beta -2\).