On the energy exchange between resonant modes in nonlinear Schrödinger equations (Q631667)

It is considered the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the circle \(S^1\): \[ \imath\psi_t = -\psi_{xx} \pm 2\cos 2x|\psi|^2\psi,\quad x\in S^1,\;t\in\mathbb R \] with the initial condition \[ \psi(0,x)=\varepsilon(Ae^{ix} + Be^{-ix}),\quad A,B\in C,\;|A|^2+|B|^2=1 \] and \(\varepsilon>0\) being a small parameter. Let \(\psi(t,x)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}\xi_k(t)e^{ikx}\) be the solution expressed in Fourier modes. It is proved that for \(\varepsilon>0\) small enough and \(|t|\leq\varepsilon^{-5/2}\) the following holds: \[ \begin{aligned} |\xi_1(t)|^2 + |\xi_{-1}(t)|^2 &= \varepsilon^2 + O(\varepsilon^{7/2}),\\ |\xi_1(t)|^2 - |\xi_{-1}(t)|^2 &= \pm\varepsilon|A^2-B^2|\sin(2\varepsilon^2+\delta) + O(\varepsilon^{7/2}), \end{aligned} \] with the phase \(\delta\) given by \[ \sin\delta = (|A|^2-|B|^2)/|A^2-B^2|,\qquad \cos\delta = -2 \operatorname{Im}\{A\overline{B}\}/|A^2-B^2|. \]