On the Riesz bases, frames and minimal exponential systems in \(L^{2}[-\pi ,\pi ]\) (Q632300)

The author studies sequences of the form \((e^{i \lambda_n t})_{n \in \mathbb{Z}}\) in \(L^2[-\pi, \pi]\), where \((\lambda_n)_{n \in Z}\) is a sequence of distinct complex numbers with \(\sup_{n \in Z}|\text{Im}\;\lambda_n| < \infty\). A typical result is the following Corollary 2.2. Let \(a, b\) be nonnegative constants and let \((\varepsilon_n)_{n \in Z}\) be a complex sequence such that \[ \varepsilon_0=0, \quad \sup_{n \neq 0}|\text{Re}\;\varepsilon_n| < 1/4, \quad \sup_{n \neq 0}|\text{Im}\;\varepsilon_n|< \infty. \] If we define \((\lambda_n)\) as follows: \[ \lambda_n= \begin{cases} n+ \varepsilon_n +a & {\text{ if n is strictly positive}} \cr 0 & {\text{if n=0}} \cr n + \varepsilon_n - b & {\text{if n is strictly negative}}, \end{cases} \] then \((e^{i \lambda_n t})_{n \in Z}\) is either a Riesz sequence or not a frame sequence in \(L^2[-\pi, \pi]\).