Stability constants in linear spaces (Q634654)

Let \(X\) be a linear space over the reals, \(D\subset X,\) and let \(E\) be a Banach space. A function \(f:D\to E\) is said to be \(\delta\)-Jensen if \[ \left\| f\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)-\frac{f(x)+f(y)}{2}\right\|\leq\delta \] whenever \(x,y,(x+y)/2\in D.\) The stability constant for Jensen equation is the infimum of those constants \(C\) for which the following statement is true: if \(f:D\to E\) is \(\delta\)-Jensen, then there is a \(0\)-Jensen function \(g:X\to E\) such that \(\| f(x)-g(x)\|\leq C\delta\) for every \(x\in D. \) The stability constant of affinity \(A^E(D)\) is defined analogously by replacing \(\delta\)-Jensen functions by \(\delta\)-affine functions, i.e., such that \[ \| f(tx+(1-t)y)-tf(x)-(1-t)f(y)\|\leq \delta \] for every \(x,y\in D\) and \(t\in[0,1]\) satisfying \(tx+(1-t)y\in D.\) The second Whitney constant \(w_2^E(D;B)\) is the infimum of those constants \(C\) for which the following statement is true: if \(f:D\to E\) is bounded and \(\frac{1}{2}\)-Jensen, then there is an affine function \(\phi\) such that \(\| f(x)-\phi(x)\|\leq C\) for every \(x\in D.\) The authors prove that the stability constants of affinity and of the Jensen equation are of the same order of magnitude for every convex set in arbitrary linear spaces, even for functions mapping into an arbitrary Banach space. They also show that the second Whitney constant corresponding to bounded functions equals half of the stability constant of the Jensen equation whenever the latter is finite. They show that if a convex set contains arbitrarily long segments in every direction, then its Jensen and Whitney constants are uniformly bounded. The authors prove a result that reduces the investigation of the stability constants to the case when the underlying set is the unit ball of a Banach space. As an application it is proven that if \(D\) is convex and every \(\delta \)-Jensen function on \(D\) differs from a \(0\)-Jensen function by a bounded function, then the stability constants of \(D\) are finite.