Bifurcation method for solving multiple positive solutions to Henon equation on the unit cube (Q635116)

This paper is concerned with the explicit computation of some symmetric solutions of the boundary value problem of Henon's equation in the unit cube \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^3\). Here the unknown function \(u = u({\mathbf x}): \Omega \to {\mathbb R}\) satisfies the second order equation \(f(u)\): \[ \Delta u + |{\mathbf x} -{\mathbf x}^0|^r \;| u |^{q-1} u = 0,\quad {\mathbf x} \in \Omega,\tag{1} \] where \({\mathbf x} =(x_1,x_2,x_3)\), \({\mathbf x}^0 =(1/2, 1/2, 1/2)\), \( \Delta \) is the Laplace operator, \( r \geq 0\) and \(q\) is the polytropic index \( q \geq 1/2\), together with the boundary condition \(u(\partial \Omega) = 0\). For the explicit computation of positive solutions of Henon's equation with some symmetry conditions referred to as the \(D_4(3)\)-symmetry, the authors embed (1) into the \(\lambda\)-parameter equation \(f(u,\lambda)\): \[ \Delta u + \lambda u + |{\mathbf x} -{\mathbf x}^0|^r \; | u |^{q-1} u = 0,\quad {\mathbf x} \in \Omega,\tag{2} \] with the same boundary conditions, and for a given value \( r \geq 0\) they propose two algorithms that discretize a linearization of (2) together with a continuation along the parameter \( \lambda \) from some \( \lambda^*>0\) to \(0\). Further, a third method is proposed in which the continuation is carried out taking in (1) \( r \) as a parameter continuation from \( r=0\). Some results concerning the regularity of the symmetry-breaking bifurcation are proved. Finally, the numerical results of some \( D_4(3)\)-symmetric positive solutions with different values of \(r\) are presented for \( r \in (0, r_1)\), \(r \in (r_1,r_2)\) and \(r > r_2\), where \( r_1=0.140\), \(r_2=2.224\) are the bifurcation points, showing that there are 1,2 and 3 positive \( D_4(3)\)-symmetric solutions for each value of \(r\) depending on the above intervals.