Model-theoretic independence in the Banach lattices \(L_{p}(\mu)\) (Q636032)

This article is concerned with model theoretic properties of \(L_p\) Banach lattices. Such structures (for fixed but arbitrary \(p\)) form a non-elementary class. In the case of \(L_p\) Banach lattices there are at least three known frameworks within which one can study stability- and independence theoretic properties. Using the approach of normed spaces of Henson and Iovino [\textit{J. Iovino}, ``Stable Banach spaces and Banach space structures. I and II.'' New York, NY: Marcel Dekker. Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 203, 77--95 (1999; Zbl 0977.03019), and II. Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 203, 97--117 (1999; Zbl 0977.03020)]; \textit{C. W. Henson, J. Iovino}, ``Ultraproducts in analysis'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 262, 1--110 (2002; Zbl 1026.46007)], the authors prove that every \(L_p\) Banach lattice is stable with respect to all positive bounded formulas, thus generalizing a result of \textit{J-L. Krivine} and \textit{B. Maurey}, Isr. J. Math. 39, 273--295 (1981; Zbl 0504.46013)] who considered only positive quantifier free formulas for Banach spaces without the lattice structure. Hence \(L_p\) Banach lattices admit a notion of independence which can be defined in the usual way by non-dividing. The authors then show that in the context of \(L_p\) Banach lattices the notion of independence can be characterized in terms of measure and probability theoretic notions: \(A\) is independent from \(B\) over \(C\) if and only if, for all \(f\) in \(\mathrm{dcl}(AC)\), the sublattice generated by \(A\) and \(C\), the conditional expectation of \(f\) with respect to \(\mathrm{dcl}(BC)\) is the same as the conditional expectation of \(f\) with respect to \(\mathrm{dcl}(C)\). As a consequence of this characterization one gets that \(A\) is independent from \(B\) over \(C\) if and only if, for every \(f\) in \(\mathrm{dcl}(A)\) and every \(g\) in \(\mathrm{dcl}(B)\), \(f\) is independent from \(g\) over \(C\). Then a concrete characterization of 1-types (over parameter sets) is given, in terms of a notion that the authors call conditional slices. Conditional slices are then used to give another characterization of independence. This characterization has an advantage over the previous one, which used conditional expectations, because in order to determine whether a set is independent from another one over a third one, certain technical considerations (about `good intersections') are avoided. Finally, the authors prove that in atomless \(L_p\) Banach lattices canonical bases exist as ordinary elements (i.e., built in canonical bases).