On Grunsky inequalities and the exact domain of variability of the Grunsky functional (Q636037)

Denote by \(\Sigma_0\) the class of all meromorphic functions \(f\) of the type \(f(z)=z+\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_nz^{-n}\), \(|z|>1\). The Grunsky coefficients \(\alpha_{mn}(f)\) for \(f\in \Sigma_0\) are defined by \[ \log\frac{f(z)-f(\zeta)}{z-\zeta}=-\sum_{m,n=1}^{\infty}\alpha_{mn}(f)z^{-m}\zeta^{-n}. \] For \(f\in \Sigma_0\), the Grunsky operator \[ G(f):(x_m)\mapsto \left(\sum_{n=1}^\infty\sqrt{mn} \alpha_{mn}(f)x_n\right) \] acts in \(l^2\). Let \(l^2_1\) denote the unit sphere in \(l^2\). Denote by \(\Sigma(k)\) the class of all functions \(f\in \Sigma_0\) which admit a \((1+k)/(1-k)\)-quasiconformal extension to the complex plane. Let \(\Sigma\langle k\rangle\) be the class of all \(f\in \Sigma_0\) with \(\|G(f)\|\leq k\). The main results of the paper are the following three theorems, which generalize, refine and further develop some theorems by R. Kühnau and S. Krushkal. Theorem 1.1. For each fixed \(x\in l^2_1\), the exact domain of variability of the functional \(\langle G(f)x,\bar{x}\rangle\), when \(f\) varies in the class \(\Sigma(k)\), is the closed disk \(|\langle G(f)x,\bar{x}\rangle|\leq k\). Furthermore, exactly one extremal function corresponds to the very boundary point. Precisely, the extremal function \(f\) (with quasiconformal extension still denoted by \(f\)) with \(\langle G(f)x,\bar{x}\rangle=ke^{2i\theta}\) satisfies, for \(|z|\leq 1\), \[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{x_n}{\sqrt{n}} F_n(f(z))=\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(x_nz^n+ke^{2i\theta}\overline{x_n}z^n). \] Here \(F_n\) is the \(n\)-th Faber polynomial for \(f\). Theorem 1.2. Let \(f\in \bigcup_{0<k<1}\Sigma(k)\) be given. Then the following conditions are equivalent: (1) \(f\) has a quasiconformal extension \(\tilde{f}\) whose complex dilatation \(\mu=\partial _{\bar{z}}\tilde{f}/\partial_{z}\tilde{f}\) is of the form \(\mu=k(f)|\phi_x|/\phi_x\) for some \(x\in l_1^2\); (2) \(|\langle G(f)x,\bar{x}\rangle|=k(f)\) for some \(x\in l_1^2\); (3) \(\|G(f)x\|=k(f)\) for some \(x\in l^2_1\). Here \(\phi_x(z)=\frac{1}{\pi}\sum_{m,n=1}^\infty\sqrt{mn}\,x_mx_nz^{m+n-2}\). Theorem 1.3. For each fixed \(x\in l^2_1\), the exact domain of variability of the functional \(\langle G(f)x,\bar{x}\rangle\), when \(f\) varies in the class \(\Sigma\langle k\rangle\), is the closed disk \(|\langle G(f)x,\bar{x}\rangle|\leq k\). Equality holds for the extremal functions described in Theorem 1.1. Furthermore, there exists a class of elements \(x\in l^2_1\) for each of which there exists some further extremal function except that in Theorem 1.1.