Truth in generic cuts (Q636338)

Let \(M\) be a model of Peano arithmetic. A nonempty family \({\mathcal Z}\) of cuts of \(M\) is called a species if it is closed under the action of the automorphism group of \(M\) and for each \(B\in M\) there is a recursive \(\Sigma_1\)-type \(p(x,y)\) over \(M\) such that for all \(a,b<B\) there is a cut \(I\in{\mathcal Z}\) such that \(a\in I<b\) iff \((a,b)\) realizes \(p(x,y)\). This, somewhat technical, notion is motivated by the earlier work of \textit{R. Kaye} in [``Generic cuts in models of arithmetic'', Math. Log. Q. 54, No. 2, 129--144 (2008; Zbl 1138.03031)]. Kaye defined the notion of a generic cut relative to a chosen indicator. In the case of species, the \(\Sigma_1\)-function defining the indicator is replaced by the class of \(\Sigma_1\)-functions. This allows one to extend the techniques of Kaye's paper to the case of elementary cuts. Henryk Kotlarski studied topological properties of elementary cuts in countable recursively saturated models of arithmetic in a series of papers in the 1980s starting with [\textit{H. Kotlarski}, ``On elementary cuts in models of arithmetic'', Fundam. Math. 115, 27--31 (1983; Zbl 0515.03038)]. Kaye and Tin Lok Wong's approach allows them to reprove and generalize many of Kotlarski's results. The approach also allows them to define the notion of a generic elementary cut and to prove interesting results about it. Closed (in the topological sense) species of \(M\) are homeomorphic to the Cantor set \(2^\omega\) or to \(2^\omega+1\). Thus, the Baire Category Theorem applies and can be used to study what is called the enforceable properties of cuts. A subset \({\mathcal P}\) of a species \({\mathcal Z}\) is enforceable iff \({\mathcal P}\) is comeager in \({\mathcal Z}\). For example, it is shown that the property that \((M,I)\) is not recursively saturated is enforceable, and so is the property of non-regularity of \(I\). The first four sections of the paper are devoted to the general theory of species. In Section 5, the authors give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of generic cuts in a countable arithmetically saturated model of PA. Section 6 and the final Section 7 are devoted to a more detailed analysis of elementary generic cuts. Section 6 contains the main result of the paper -- a weak elimination of quantifiers for pairs \((M,I)\), where \(I\) is generic. In Section 7, the authors prove a number of results on elementary generic cuts \(I\), showing, in particular, that they are closed, meaning that for every \(b>I\) there is an automorphism of \(M\) fixing \(I\) pointwise and moving \(b\), and that they are free, meaning that for all \(a,b\in I\) if the types of \(a\) and \(b\) are the same over \(M\), then they are still the same over \((M,I)\). The paper concludes with a list of interesting questions.