Parabolic subgroups of semisimple Lie groups and Einstein solvmanifolds (Q637589)

Let \({\mathbf g}\) be a semisimple Lie algebra, and let \({\mathbf q}_{\Lambda '}\) be the parabolic subalgebra of \({\mathbf g}\) corresponding to a subset \({\Lambda '}\) of a set of simple roots \(\Lambda \) of the restricted root system of \({\mathbf g}\). Then \({\mathbf q}_{\Lambda '}\) has a decomposition \({\mathbf q}_{\Lambda '}= {\mathbf m}_{\Lambda '}+ {\mathbf a}_{\Lambda '}+ {\mathbf n}_{\Lambda '}\) into a reductive subalgebra \({\mathbf m}_{\Lambda '}\) and a solvable subalgebra \({\mathbf s}_{\Lambda '}={\mathbf a}_{\Lambda '}+ {\mathbf n}_{\Lambda '}\), which is called the Langlands decomposition. For each semisimple Lie algebra \({\mathbf g}\) parabolic subalgebras are parameterized by the subsets \({\Lambda '}\). Let \(r\) be the (split) rank. As there are approximately \(2^r-1\) parabolic subalgebras of \({\mathbf g}\), the author investigates the simply connected Lie groups with Lie algebras \({\mathbf s}_{\Lambda '}\) equipped with natural left-invariant Riemannian metric. In the paper, these solvmanifolds are always identified with the underlying metric solvable Lie algebras \(({\mathbf s}_{\Lambda '}={\mathbf a}_{\Lambda '}+ {\mathbf n}_{\Lambda '}, \;\langle , \rangle )\). He proves that all these solvmanifolds are Einstein. Therefore, he finds a large number of new examples of Einstein solvmanifolds. He also proves the following important properties of these manifolds: The degree of nilpotency of \({\mathbf n}_{\Lambda '}\) can be arbitrary large. Hence, he finds explicit examples of Einstein solvmanifolds with nilradicals of high nilpotency. This class of Einstein solvmanifolds contains all symmetric spaces of non-compact type. Starting from the parabolic subalgebra \({\mathbf q}_{\emptyset }\) corresponding to the empty set \(\emptyset \subset \Lambda \) the constructed solvmanifold \(({\mathbf s}_{\emptyset }={\mathbf a}_{\emptyset }+ {\mathbf n}_{\emptyset }, \;\langle , \rangle )\) is isometric to the symmetric space. The solvmanifold \(({\mathbf s}_{\Lambda '}={\mathbf a}_{\Lambda '}+ {\mathbf n}_{\Lambda '}, \;\langle , \rangle )\) is naturally a Riemannian submanifold of the symmetric space of noncompact type \(({\mathbf s}_{\emptyset }={\mathbf a}_{\emptyset }+ {\mathbf n}_{\emptyset }, \;\langle , \rangle )\). The solvmanifolds \(({\mathbf s}_{\Lambda '}, \;\langle , \rangle )\) are minimal but not totally geodesic submanifolds of \(({\mathbf s}_{\emptyset }, \;\langle , \rangle )\).