Non-denseness of factorable matrix functions (Q639519)

Let \(G\) be a multiplicative connected compact abelian group and let \(\Gamma\) be its additive character group. Then \(\Gamma\) can be made into a linearly ordered group with an order \(\preceq\). Set \(\Gamma_-=\{x\in\Gamma:x\preceq 0\}\) and \(\Gamma_+=\{x\in\Gamma:0\preceq x\}\). Let \(C(G)\) be the algebra of complex-valued continuous functions on \(G\) and let \(P(G)\) be the non-closed subalgebra of \(C(G)\) of all finite linear combinations of functions \(\langle j,\cdot\rangle\), \(j\in\Gamma\), where \(\langle j,g\rangle\) stands for the action of the character \(j\in\Gamma\) on the group element \(g\in G\). One says that a unital Banach algebra \({\mathcal B}\subset C(G)\)~is admissible if \(P(G)\) is dense in \({\mathcal B}\) and \({\mathcal B}\) is inverse closed. Let \({\mathcal B}_\pm\) be the closed unital subalgebras of \({\mathcal B}\) formed by elements of \({\mathcal B}\) with the Bohr-Fourier spectrum in \(\Gamma_\pm\). An algebra \({\mathcal B}\) is said to be decomposing if \({\mathcal B}={\mathcal B}_++{\mathcal B}_-\). Let \({\mathcal B}^{n\times n}\) denote the Banach algebra of matrix functions with entries in \({\mathcal B}\). A representation of \(A\in{\mathcal B}^{n\times n}\) in the form \(A(g)=A_-(g)\text{diag}(\langle j_1,g\rangle,\dots,\langle j_n,g\rangle)A_+(g)\), where \(A_\pm,A_\pm^{-1}\in{\mathcal B}_\pm^{n\times n}\) and \(j_1,\dots,j_n\in\Gamma\), is called a \({\mathcal B}\)-factorization of \(A\). The present paper is devoted to the question of density of the set \(GLF({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\) of \({\mathcal B}\)-factorable matrix functions in the set \(GL({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\) of all invertible elements of \({\mathcal B}^{n\times n}\). For \(n=1\), the following result is proved. Let \({\mathcal B}\subset C(G)\) be an admissible algebra, where \(G\) is a connected compact abelian group. Then the set \(GLF({\mathcal B})\) is dense in \(GL({\mathcal B})\). Moreover, the equality \(GLF({\mathcal B})=GL({\mathcal B})\) holds if and only if \({\mathcal B}\) is decomposing. The rather surprising discovery of the authors is that, in general, \(GLF({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\) is not dense in \(GL({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\) whenever \(n\geq 2\). This fact is an easy consequence of the main result of the paper. Let \(\Gamma\) be a torsion free abelian group that contains a subgroup isomorphic to \({\mathbb Z}^3\), and let \({\mathcal B}\) be an admissible algebra. Then, for every natural \(n\geq 2\), there exist infinitely many pathwise connected components of \(GL({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\) with the property that each one of these components does not intersect the minimal closed subgroup of \(GL({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\) containing \(GLF({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\); in particular, the minimal closed subgroup of \(GL({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\) containing \(GLF({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\) is not dense in \(GL({\mathcal B}^{n\times n})\).