Nagumo type existence results of Sturm-Liouville BVP for impulsive differential equations (Q640196)

The authors consider the impulsive Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem \[ \begin{aligned} -\!u''(t)& = f(t,u(t),u'(t)), \quad t \in [0,1], \;t \neq t_k, \\ u(t^+_k)& = P_k(u(t_k)), \quad k = 1,\ldots,m, \\ u'(t^+_k)& = Q_k(u'(t_k)), \quad k = 1,\ldots,m,\end{aligned} \] \[ au(0) - bu'(0) = 0, \quad cu(1) + du'(1) = 0, \] where \(a > 0\), \(b \geq 0\), \(c > 0\), \(d \geq 0\), \(ac + ad + bc > 0\), \(0 < t_1 < \ldots < t_m < 1\), \(f : [0,1]\times{\mathbb R}^2 \to {\mathbb R}\), and \(P_k\), \(Q_k : {\mathbb R} \to {\mathbb R}\) are continuous. Using the lower and upper solutions method and Leray-Schauder degree theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of three solutions of this problem are obtained. An illustrating example is provided.