Continued fractions related to \((t,q)\)-tangents and variants (Q640469)
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English | Continued fractions related to \((t,q)\)-tangents and variants |
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Continued fractions related to \((t,q)\)-tangents and variants (English)
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18 October 2011
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In [``The \((t,q)\)-analogs of secant and tangent numbers,'' Electron. J. Comb. 18, No.\,2, Research Paper P7, 16 p. (2011; Zbl 1233.05041)], \textit{D. Foata} and \textit{G.-N. Han} defined \(q\)-trigonometric functions as \[ \begin{aligned} &\sin_q^{(r)} (u) = \sum_{n \geq 0} (-1)^n { {(q^r;q)_{2n+1} } \over {(q;q)_{2n+1} } } u^{2n+1}, \\ &\cos_q^{(r)} (u) = \sum_{n \geq 0} (-1)^n { {(q^r;q)_{2n} } \over {(q;q)_{2n} } } u^{2n}, \\ &\tan_q^{(r)} (u) = { {\sin_q^{(r)} (u) } \over { \cos_q^{(r)} (u)} },\end{aligned} \] where they used classical \(q\)-product notation and assumed \(|q|<1 \) for convergence reasons. In this paper, the author finds a continued fraction expression of \(\tan_q^{(r)} (u) \) by first finding a three term recurrence relation of a \(q\)-series called \(s_k(z) \) and then generating the recurrence relation. But the author does not mention the convergence behavior of the continued fraction expression that he derived. In the second part of the paper, the author derives another continued fraction expression of \(q\)-tangent functions. These new \(q\)-trigonometric functions were introduced by \textit{J. L. Cieśliński} [``Improved \(q\)-exponential and \(q\)-trigonometric functions,'' Appl. Math. Lett. 24, No.\,12, 2110--2114 (2011; Zbl 1232.33025)] and defined by \[ \text{Sin}_q (2z) = \frac{2 \tan_q z}{1+\tan_q^2 z}, \;\text{Cos}_q (2z) = \frac{1-\tan_q^2 z}{1+\tan_q^2 z} \quad \text{and } \text{Tan}_q(z) = \frac{\text{Sin}_q (z)}{ \text{Cos}_q (z) }, \] where \(\tan_q z = \sin_q z / \cos_q z \) is the classical \(q\)-tangent function defined by \textit{F. H. Jackson} [``A basic-sine and cosine with symbolical solution of certain differential equations,'' Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc. 22, 28--39 (1904; JFM 35.0445.01)]. Finally, a general version is considered that contains both versions as special cases.
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\(q\)-trigonometric functions
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\(q\)-tangent function
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continued fraction expansion
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