The Weyl-type asymptotic formula for biharmonic Steklov eigenvalues on Riemannian manifolds (Q643432)

Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded domain in an oriented \(n\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold which has \(C^2\) boundary \(\partial\Omega\). Let \(\rho\) be a non-negative bounded function on \(\partial\Omega\). Let \(\Delta\) be the Laplace-Beltrami operator and let \(\partial_n\) be the inward unit normal vector field on \(\partial\Omega\). Consider the classical biharmonic Steklov eigenvalue problem: \[ \Delta^2u=0 \quad\text{on }\Omega,\qquad u=0 \quad\text{on }\partial\Omega,\qquad \Delta u+\lambda\rho\partial_nu=0 \quad\text{on }\partial\Omega. \] This problem has non-trivial solutions for only a discrete set of eigenvalues \(0<\lambda_1\leq\lambda_2\leq\dots\) where each eigenvalue is repeated according to its multiplicity; the corresponding eigenfunctions \(\partial_nu_i\) are a complete orthonormal basis for \(L^2_\rho(\partial\Omega)\). Note that the eigenvalues for the biharmonic Steklov problem (sometimes transliterated as ``Stekloff'') are the same as those of the ``Neumann-to-Laplacian'' map for biharmonic equation. Let the counting function \(A(\tau)\) be the number of eigenvalues less than or equal to a given \(\tau\). Let \(\omega_{n-1}\) be the volume of the unit ball in \(\mathbb R^{n-1}\). The author establishes a Weyl type estimate: Theorem 1.1. Let \((M,g)\) be an \(n\)-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold and let \(\Omega\subset M\) be a bounded domain with \(C^2\)-smooth boundary \(\partial\Omega\). Then \[ A(\tau)\sim{\omega_{n-1}\tau^{n-1}\over(4\pi)^{n-1}}\int_{\partial\Omega}\rho^{n-1}\,ds \quad\text{as}\quad \tau\rightarrow+\infty\,. \] This leads to the following: Corollary 1.2: If \(\rho\equiv1\) on \(\partial\Omega\), then \[ \lambda_k\sim(4\pi)\left({k\over\omega_{n-1}(\text{vol}(\partial\Omega))} \right)^{1/(n-1)}\quad\text{as}\quad k\rightarrow+\infty\,. \]