Integral approximation of the characteristic function of an interval and the Jackson inequality in \(C(\mathbb T)\) (Q643728)

From MaRDI portal
scientific article
Language Label Description Also known as
English
Integral approximation of the characteristic function of an interval and the Jackson inequality in \(C(\mathbb T)\)
scientific article

    Statements

    Integral approximation of the characteristic function of an interval and the Jackson inequality in \(C(\mathbb T)\) (English)
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    2 November 2011
    0 references
    Setting \[ \mathcal{X}_h (t)=\frac{1}{2h}\chi_h(t)\,, \] where \[ \chi_h(t)= \sum_{j\in\mathbb{Z}}\chi_{(-h,h)}(t+2\pi j)\,, \] with \(\chi_{(-h,h)}(x)=1\) if \(|x|<h,\) \(h>0,\) and \(\chi_{(-h,h)}(x)=0\) otherwise, and \[ E_{m-1}(f)_L=\inf\left\{\|f-g\|_L\,, \;g\in\mathcal{T}_{m-1}\right\}\,, \] in some previous works, the authors proved that \[ E_{m-1}(\mathcal{X}_h)_L=1\qquad \text{ if } 0<h\leq \frac{\pi}{2m}\,, \] \[ E_{m-1}(\mathcal{X}_h)_L\leq \frac{\pi}{2 m h}\qquad \text{ if } \frac{\pi}{2m}<h\leq\pi\,, \] and, in particular, \[ E_{m-1}(\mathcal{X}_h)_L=\frac{\pi}{2 m h_j}\,,\qquad h_j=\frac{(2j-1)\pi}{2 m}\,, \;j\geq 2\,. \] From these relations they obtain the Jackson theorem for continuous and periodic functions in terms of the second order modulus of smoothness. The method is essentially the following. If \[ f \odot g =\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} f(x-t)g(t)dt \] is the convolution product, the the Steklov function can be written as \[ (S_h f)(x)=\frac{1}{2 h}\int_{-h}^h f(x-t)dt=f\odot \mathcal{X}_h(x)\,. \] In particular, for any function \(\varphi\in \mathcal{T}_{m-1}^{\perp}\) (orthogonal complement of \(\mathcal{T}_{m-1}\)) the equality \[ (S_h\varphi)(x)=\varphi\odot (\mathcal{X}_h-g) \qquad \forall\varphi\in \mathcal{T}_{m-1} \] holds, and, for \(\varphi\neq 0\), \[ \frac{\|S_h\varphi\|_C}{\|\varphi\|_C}\leq E_{m-1}(\mathcal{X}_{h})_L\,. \] The authors show that the latter inequality is sharp, and, therefore, \[ \sup_{\varphi\in\mathcal{T}_{m-1}^\perp,\;\varphi\neq 0}\frac{\|S_h\varphi\|_C}{\|\varphi\|_C}= E_{m-1}(\mathcal{X}_{h})_L\,. \] Moreover, setting \[ W_2(f,h,x)=(f-S_h)(x)=f(x)-f\odot \mathcal{X}_h(x)=-\frac{1}{2 h} \int_0^h\left[f(x-t)-2 f(x)+f(x+t)\right] dt \] and \[ W_2(f,h)=\sup_x W_2(f,h,x)\leq \frac{1}{2}\omega_2(f,h)\,, \] the authors prove that, for any continuous function \(f\), there exists \(\tau_f\in \mathcal{T}_{m-1}\) such that \[ f-\tau_f=(f-\tau_f)\odot(\mathcal{X}_h-g_h)+W_2(f,h,\cdot)\,, \] where \(g_h\) is the best \(L-\)approximation of \(\mathcal{X}_h\). It follows that \[ \|f-\tau_f\|_C\leq \|f-\tau_f\|_C E_{m-1}(\mathcal{X}_h)_L+W_2(f,h)\,, \] and, since \(E_{m-1}(\mathcal{X}_h)_L<1\) for \(h>\pi/2m\), \[ \|f-\tau_f\|_C\leq\frac{W_2(f,h)}{1-E_{m-1}(\mathcal{X}_h)_L}\,,\qquad h>\frac{\pi}{2 m}\,, \] whence they deduce the theorem, which is the main result of the paper.
    0 references
    integral approximation of a function by polynomials
    0 references
    the Jackson inequality
    0 references

    Identifiers