Upper bounds for \({\mathbb R}\)-linear resolvents (Q645107)

For a complex matrix \(A\) on \(\mathbb C^d\), the resolvent obeys \[ \| (\lambda I - A)^{-1} \| \leq \frac{\| \lambda I - A \|^{d-1}}{\text{dist}(\lambda, \sigma(A))^d}, \] where \(\sigma(A)\) denotes the spectrum of \(A\). The author gives two analogues of this upper bound for the case of \(\mathbb R\)-linear operators in \(\mathbb C^d\). Here, the spectrum can be empty. The first upper bound is based on the distance to a set, which is always nonempty and in a certain sense contains the spectrum. If the spectrum is nonempty, a second upper bound is given, which holds in an open neighborhood of the spectrum and retains the dependence on \(\text{dist}(\lambda, \sigma(A))\).