State morphism MV-algebras (Q648387)

A state on an MV-algebra \((A,\oplus,\neg,0)\) is a map \(s : A \to [0,1]\) such that \(s(\neg 0) = 1\) and if \(\neg(\neg x \oplus \neg y) = 0\) then \(s(x \oplus y) = s(x) + s(y)\). Truth valuations, that is, homomorphisms \(A \to [0,1]\), are special states, called extremal, since every state arises as a convex combination of extremal ones. States stand to MV-algebras as probability distributions stand to Boolean algebras. An SMV-algebra \((A,\tau)\) is an MV-algebra \(A\) with an additional unary operation, called an internal state, satisfying conditions analogous to those defining states. Since these conditions are equational, SMV-algebras form a variety. A state morphism MV-algebra, SSMV-algebra for short, is an SMV-algebra \((A,\tau)\) such that \(\tau\) is an MV-endomomorphism, that is, \(\tau(x \oplus y) = \tau(x) \oplus \tau(y)\). The paper offers several characterisation results for SMV- and SMMV-algebras. In particular, the first result is a complete characterisation of subdirectly irreducible SMV-algebras. A second result characterises subdirectly irreducible SMMV-algebras partitioning them into three classes, according to some properties of the underlying MV-algebras and of the associated internal state. A fourth type of subdirectly irreducible SMMV-algebras, properly contained in one of the three aforementioned classes, is introduced. The paper next studies subvarieties of SMMV-algebras and their generators, proving in particular that the whole variety is generated by the diagonalisation of \([0,1]\), that is, by \(([0,1] \times [0,1],\tau)\), where \(\tau(a,b) = (a,a)\) for all \(a \in [0,1]\). As a consequence of this result the authors prove decidability for the whole variety of SMMV-algebras. The paper then moves on to prove that every subdirectly irreducible SMMV-algebra is subdiagonal, that is, it is a subalgebra of \((B \times C, \tau)\), for some pair of MV-chains \(B,C\), and where \(\tau(b,c) = (b,b)\). Finally, the authors provide axiomatisations for some subvarieties of SMMV-algebras and prove that there are uncountably many subvarieties of SMMV-algebras.