Boundary value problems for noncompact boundaries of \(\mathrm{Spin}^{\mathrm{c}}\) manifolds and spectral~estimates (Q6486855)

\textit{O. Hijazi} et al. [Math. Res. Lett. 8, No. 1--2, 195--208 (2001; Zbl 0988.53019)] investigated the spectral properties of the Dirac operator on a compact manifold with boundary for the Atiyah-Patody-Singer type boundary condition (APS-boundary condition) corresponding to the spectral resolution of the classical Dirac operator of the boundary hypersurface. They proved that, on the compact boundary \(\Sigma=\partial M\) of a compact Riemannian \(\mathrm{Spin}\) manifold \((M^{n+1},g)\) of nonnegative scalar curvature \(\mathrm{scal}^M\), the first nonnegative eigenvalue of the Dirac operator on the boundary satisfies NEWLINE\[NEWLINE(1)\quad\lambda_1\geq \frac{n}{2}\underset{\Sigma}{\mathrm{inf}}H ,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where the mean curvature on the boundary \(H\) is calculated with respect to the inner normal and assumed to be nonnegative.NEWLINENEWLINEIn the present paper the authors extend the lower bound (1) to noncompact boundaries of Riemannian \(\mathrm{Spin}^c\) manifolds as follows. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1.2. Let \((M^{n+1},g)\) be a complete Riemannian \(\mathrm{Spin}^c\) manifold with boundary \(\Sigma\) and \(L\) be the auxiliary line bundle associated to the \(\mathrm{Spin}^c\)-structure. Assume that \((M,\Sigma)\) and \(L\) are of bounded geometry. Moreover, we assume that \(\Sigma\) has nonnegative mean curvature \(H\) with respect to its inner unit normal field of \(\Sigma\), the Dirac operator \(D\) is \((B_{+})\)- or \((B_{-})\)-coercive at infinity and the \(\mathrm{scal}^M+2i\Omega\) is a nonnegative operator where \(i\Omega\) denotes the curvature 2-form of \(L\). Then, the infimum \(\lambda_1\) of the nonnegative part of the spectrum of the Dirac operator on \(\Sigma\) satisfies NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\lambda_1\geq \frac{n}{2}\underset{\Sigma}{\mathrm {inf}} H.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE If \(\lambda_1\geq 0\) is an eigenvalue, then equality holds if and only if \(H\) is constant and any eigenspinor corresponding to \(\lambda_1\) is the restriction of a parallel \(\mathrm{Spin}^c\) spinor \(\varphi\) on \(M\). (The notion of \(B\)-\textit{coercivity at infinity} generalizes the notion of \textit{coercivity at infinity} for closed boundaries as used by \textit{C. Bär} and \textit{W. Ballmann} [Surv. Differ. Geom. 17, 1--78 (2012; Zbl 1331.58022)]. The property of \textit{bounded geometry} is in the sense \textit{T. Schick} [Math. Nachr. 223, 103--120 (2001; Zbl 1037.53016)]). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor proof of this main result, a large part of the paper is devoted to give a generalization of the theory of boundary value problems for noncompact boundaries.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor the complete manifolds with closed boundary, the theory of boundary value problems was given by Bär and Ballmann [loc. cit.].NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn Section 4 of the present paper the authors classify boundary conditions for a Riemannian \(\mathrm{Spin}^c\) manifold \((M^{n+1},g)\) with noncompact boundary \(\Sigma\) and of bounded geometry. They prove that the trace map of the restriction \(R:\varphi\rightarrow \varphi|\Sigma\), where \(\varphi\) is a compactly supported smooth spinor on \(M\) can be extended to a bounded operator \(R:\mathrm{dom} D_{\max}\rightarrow H_{-1/2}(\Sigma,\mathbb{S}_{M|\Sigma})\), where \(\mathrm{dom} D_{\max}\) is the maximal domain of the Dirac operator on \(M\), \(\mathbb{S}_{M|\Sigma}\) is the restriction of the \(\mathrm{Spin}^c\) bundle \(\mathbb{S}_M\) to \(\Sigma\), and the \(H_s\)-norm is that defined by \textit{N. Große} and \textit{C. Schneider} [Math. Nachr. 286, No. 16, 1586--1613 (2013; Zbl 1294.46031)]. \(R(\mathrm{dom} D_{\max})\) can be equipped with a norm \(\|.\|_{\check{R}}\) that turns it into a Hilbert space. With these ingredients the authors classify the closed extensions of the Dirac operator \(D_{cc}\) acting on smooth compactly supported spinors on \(M\): For every closed extension of the Dirac operator acting on smooth compactly supported spinors on \(M\) the set \(B:=R(\mathrm{dom} D)\subset H_{-1/2} (\Sigma,\mathbb{S}_{M|\Sigma})\) is closed in \((R(\mathrm{dom} D_{\max}),\|.\|_{\check{R}})\). Conversely, every closed linear subset \(B\subset (R(\mathrm{dom} D_{\max}),\|.\|_{\check{R}})\) gives the domain \(\mathrm{dom} D_B\) of a closed extension. Such subsets \(B\) are called boundary conditions. Then, the authors prove the following theorem which generalizes the existence result for boundary value problems to the proposed noncompact setting. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1.1. Let \(M\) be a Riemannian \(\mathrm{Spin}^c\) manifold with boundary \(N\). Let \((M,N)\) and the auxiliary line bundle \(L\) over \(M\) be of bounded geometry. Let \(B\subset R(\mathrm{dom} D_{\max})\) be a boundary condition, and let the Dirac operator NEWLINE\[NEWLINE D_B:\mathrm{dom}D_B\subset L^2(M,\mathbb{S}_M) \rightarrow L^2(M,\mathbb{S}_m)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE be \(B\)-coercive at infinity. Let \(P_B\) be a projection from \(R(\mathrm{dom} D_{\max})\) to \(B\). Then, for all \(\psi\in L^2(M,\mathbb{S}_M)\) and \(\widetilde{\rho} \in \mathrm{dom} D_{\max}\), where \(\psi-D\widetilde{\rho}\in (\mathrm{ker}(D_B)^{*})^{\bot}\), the boundary problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{cases} D\varphi=\psi, & \text{on } M,\\ (Id-P_B)R\varphi=(Id-P_B)R\widetilde{\rho}, & \text{on }\Sigma .\end{cases} NEWLINE\]NEWLINE has a unique solution \(\varphi\in \mathrm{dom} D_{\max}\), up to elements of the kernel \(\mathrm{ker} D_B\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEUsing Theorem 1.1 for the boundary condition \(B_{\pm}\) and the \(\mathrm{Spin}^c\) Reilly inequality on possible open boundary domains, the authors prove Theorem 1.2.