On strongly extending modules. (Q6486909)

The study of extending modules has emerged as a major topic in module theory and several related concepts have been studied. The class of strongly extending modules, a subclass of the class of extending modules, is defined and studied in this paper. An \(R\)-module \(M\) is said to be strongly extending if, for any submodule \(N\) of \(M\), a fully invariant direct summand \(K\) of \(M\) can be found such that \(N\) is essential in \(K\). If \(R_R\) has this property, then the ring \(R\) is said to be strongly right extending. The strongly extending modules are characterized as those extending modules for which every idempotent of \(\mathrm{End}(M)\) is left semicentral.NEWLINENEWLINE Relationships with other concepts such as uniform modules, strongly FI-extending modules and extending modules are pointed out and it is shown by examples that the concepts do not coincide with strongly extending modules. Direct summands of strongly extending modules are shown to be strongly extending and conditions are found for a direct sum of strongly extending modules to be strongly extending.NEWLINENEWLINE Let \(\tau_M(\varphi)\) denote the right annihilator of \(\varphi\in\mathrm{End}(M)\). A module \(M\) is defined to be strongly Rickart if \(\tau_M(\varphi)\) is a fully invariant direct summand of \(M\) for each \(\varphi\in\mathrm{End}(M)\). The module \(M\) is shown to be strongly Rickart if and only if \(M\) is Rickart and each direct summand of \(M\) is fully invariant. It is shown that the class of strongly Rickart modules is closed under direct summands and conditions are found for direct sums of strongly Rickart modules to be strongly Rickart. A strongly extending module \(M\) is shown to have a strongly Rickart module \(N\) as submodule and in this case \(\mathrm{End}(N)\) is a reduced strongly Rickart ring. Strongly extending modules are also shown to be weakly co-Hopfian. In the case where \(R\) is a Dedekind domain, strongly extending torsion \(R\)-modules are fully characterized and in the case where \(R\) is a principal ideal domain, strongly extending finitely generated torsion-free \(R\)-modules are also characterized.