Root subsystems of loop extensions (Q649086)

A crystallographic based root datum is a tuple \(B = (V; V^\vee ;\Pi;\Pi^\vee;\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle;\iota) \) satisfying the following conditions: (i) \(V\) and \( V^\vee\) are \(\mathbb{R}-\)vector spaces and \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle : V \times V^\vee \longrightarrow \mathbb{R}\) is an \(\mathbb{R}-\)bilinear mapping, (ii) \(\Pi\subset V\) and \(\Pi^\vee\subset V^\vee\) are positively independent subsets, (iii) \(\iota:\Pi\longrightarrow \Pi^\vee\) is a bijection (denoted \(\alpha\mapsto \check\alpha\)) such that the matrix \(C := (c_{\alpha,\beta})_{\alpha,\beta\in\Pi},\) where \(c_{\alpha,\beta} := \langle\alpha,\check\beta\rangle,\) is a generalized Cartan matrix. The coweight lattice of a crystallographic based root datum \(B\) is a certain abelian group associated with \(B\). The Weyl group \(W\) of \(B\) is defined to be the subgroup of the group of invertible endomorphisms on \(V\) generated by the reflections \(s_\alpha\) \((\alpha\in \Pi)\) which are defined by \(\beta\mapsto \beta-\langle \beta,\check\alpha\rangle\alpha,\) \(\beta\in V.\) The set \(R:=W\Pi\) is called the root system corresponding to \(B\) and \(R_+:=R\cap\mathbb{R}_{\geq0}\Pi\) is called the set of positive roots of \(R.\) Setting \(\hat V:=V\oplus\mathbb{R}\delta\) and \(\hat V^\vee:=V^\vee\oplus\mathbb{R}\delta'\) where \(\delta,\delta'\) are some symbols, one can extend \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle\) to a bilinear from \(\hat V\times\hat V^\vee\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}\) by \(\langle \hat V,\delta'\rangle:=\langle\delta,\hat V^\vee\rangle:=\{0\}\) and \(\langle\delta,\delta'\rangle:=1.\) The loop extension \(\hat R\) of \(R\) is defined as \(\hat R:=R+\mathbb{Z}\delta.\) A subset \(\Delta\) of \(R\) (resp., \(\hat R\)) is called a root subsystem of \(R\) (resp., \(\hat R\)) if it is preserved under reflections based on elements of \(\Delta.\) It is seen that a root subsystem of \(\hat R\) is of the form \(\hat\Delta_z:= \{\alpha+m\delta\mid \alpha\in \Delta,m\in Z_\alpha\},\) where \(\Delta\) is a root subsystem of \(R,\) \(\{Z_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in\Delta}\) is a family of subsets of \(\mathbb{Z},\) and \(z \) is a function from \(\Delta\) to the powerset \(P(\mathbb{Z})\) of \(\mathbb{Z}\) mapping \(\alpha\in \Delta\) to \(Z_\alpha.\) There are compatibility conditions among the subsets \(Z_\alpha\) of \(\mathbb{Z}\) which guarantee that \(\Delta_z\) is a root subsystem of \(\hat R.\) In the paper under review, the authors show how these conditions imply that the subsets \(Z_\alpha,\) \(\alpha\in \Delta,\) are defined in terms of combinatorial data involving the coweight lattice of \(\Delta,\) and its so called admissible subgroups. They show in turn that the latter are described in terms of specific functions called scaling functions on \(\Delta.\) The set of real roots of a loop algebra which is based on a Kac-Moody algebra and extended by a one dimensional degree derivation subspace, form a loop extension root system. So the above realization completely classifies the real root subsystems of root systems of loop algebras of Kac-Moody Lie algebras.